Planning Law & Ethics in Michigan Avenue Corridor Assignment - 1

Planning Law & Ethics in land mile Avenue Corridor - Assignment exercisingThe council also aspires to maintain activities that ar environmentally friendly to the Red Cedar River.For the purpose of tackling and solving the urban decay in an effective way, overhaul will assume diverse forms in order to drive on its redesign. The redevelopment project will put into consideration factors such as the conditions of the building and conditions of living. The redevelopment project must, however, put into consideration the regulations of Renewal Authority Ordinance (URA) that help structure owners go finished both complicated and technical butt ones. This process of redevelopment aims at restructuring dilapidated and old buildings whose living conditions are poor. The process will replan and rebuild the Avenue sites to accomplish clear environmental as well as social benefits (Brandon 297). In addition, redevelopment plan also targets the available open spaces and facilities of the com munity. The URA will, in addition, carry off assembly of larger areas of land for comprehensive planning. The comprehensive planning would create room for the restructuring of open space, transmit network and local roads. Consequently, the company will achieve proper and better utilization of land resources as well as improving overall Michigan district environment.Planning efforts has a purpose of prosecute the Lancing region to define a unified vision for Michigan Avenue, also known as rarefied Avenue Corridor. The project aspires to extend eastwards to the town of Webberville.The Red Cedar project has an estimation of $ two hundred million dollars slated for both residential developments and business to revitalize former Red Cedar Golf Club. The process will also create great renovation along the Lansing and East Lansing Michigan Avenue in the area around US 127. The redevelopment project set to break landed estate will be an establishment across the street from Frandor.

The Idea of Government in terms of Anthropology Essay

The Idea of Government in name of Anthropology - Essay ExampleThis has been threatened by government and tete-a-tete developers who have taken over volume of their grazing contri merelye and turned it into national parks, reserves, and building site. This has led to many of the Maasai buying private pour down or selling off their cattle to seek other livelihoods. The government needs to allocate land for them and avoid developing into their land since that is not only their settlement area and source of livelihood but because it is a way of preserving their culture.It is true(a) that the government supports development and economic policies which benefit the rich more than the vile or the minorities. The evidence of this is in various development sectors starting from the most important one which is health. In the US for example health policies recently have been in favor of the rich and especially with the private insurance companies offering better services than the governm ent but at a higher constitute but the government does nothing about it.When the world was facing economic crisis since 2008, the government did nothing to helper those who were being sacked or retrenched, instead it concentrated on bailing out banks and other companies from debts and it is an open confidential that they were doing this due to the huge investments that were there and which were owned by the rich. The governments also pay more attention to their politicians needs than they do for the common man who is either the poor or the oppressed or both this is true for African countries mainly.

Deportation is not a good solution to reduce illegal immigrants issues Essay

Deportation is not a good solution to reduce immoral immigrants issues - Essay ExampleThis deportation may be mostly done to il court-ordered immigrants. Illegal immigrants ar people who migrate to a certain derriere or body politic without following the right procedures or without modelal certification of the migration. A pastoral may deport illegal immigrants because of their unknown status to the shelter of the kingdom. Reasons for such a person migrating may be several a fleeing criminal, or individuals fleeing from internal carry of war in the country. If a person is a criminal then he/she migrates to a foreign country without formal accreditation and may pose as a security risk to that country. Deportation may be advantageous to the country, but it may in like manner cause harm to the victims involved that is if the victim migrated his/her country because of policy-making instability. Such victims may be seeking refuge in the current country, is deported then, he/sh e will deprivation place to go, and thus, he might be subjected to harsh environments. Rules of a attached country give the just rights of deporting immigrants living in the country with or without legal certification of staying in the country (Forsythe & Lawson 53). If a given countrys rules and regulations give authority of deporting the immigrants then, the immigrants have no luck of staying in the country. What is contained in this make-up argues out that actually deportation is not a good solution to resolve illegal immigrants issues. ... ed by those individuals who have committed serious crimes, entered the country without legal certification, and overstayed their visa and,or they have lost their legal certification of staying in the country (Forsythe &Lawson53-54).External deportation is only done to those immigrants who have broken the rules of immigration. These rules govern the personal manner and way of migrating and additionally they give legal certification for sta ying in the given country. If these immigrants break the rules and enter the country without certification, they are deported back to their original countries. The second form of deportation is internal deportation, which occurs only in the country or state. This is whereby an individual is deported out of the state he/she does not belong to. For example, an individual can be deported from California back to his/her original state because he/she does not belong in California. In this form of deportation, the rules of the state are the ones facilitating this process of deportation, but not the rules disposal the whole country. Immigrants who migrate to the new place or state are subjected to deportation if they are there without legal certification of migration. This may also be referred to the countrys rules and regulation if need arises. Reasons for such deportation within a state is that an individual or a group of people may be acting as spies, helpers or undercover for the enem y and thus may bring harm to the state (Garcia 15). For example, the state of Georgia deported active 400 females who were workers at the mill industry. These female workers were deported on reasons that they were suspected to be northern sympathizers. This happened during the civil war. The governing body of Georgia had all the rightful rights to deport the

The encounter between the Europeans and the American Indians Essay

The encounter between the Europeans and the American Indians - set about ExampleThe first source is divided into three phases. The first phase talked about the exploration and hitting of the Europeans with the Amerindians till 1600, the second phase talked about the cultural identities of the advanced World and the settlement of the Europeans till 1700 and the 3rd phase talked about the events that took place in Native America in the eighteenth century (Castillo & Schweitzer, 2001). On the other hand, the second source talks about the Columbian voyages, the Columbian exchange, the biological metamorphosis of the unexampled World due to their interaction with the Europeans and infectious diseases that arise due to this interaction (Crosby, 1994). The first source did a great job in correcting peoples perspective on the cultural diversity of the Amerindians (Castillo & Schweitzer, 2001), opus the second source did a great job in showing the biological transformation of the New Wo rld (Crosby, 1994). The two sources showed that it was actually greed that motivated the interaction of the Europeans with the Amerindians as they sought to exploit these people. though the two primary sources talked about similar and different issues, but the fact remains that, the accounts are accredited as they are coming from renowned historians. They provided ample evidence to support their assertion and this is what adds to the reliability of their accounts. Thus, the accounts of the two primary sources are reliable.

LAW CASE (sheapard v. united states) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LAW (sheapard v. united states) - Case Study ExampleIn 1933 Major Shepard files a Petition for a writ of Certiorari. A Writ of Certiorari is a instrument in which the losing party files with the Supreme coquette asking them to review the case from a lower courtyard (Techlaw Journal, 2008). This can be done when the petitioner is dissatisfied with the decisions of the lower courts including the US Court of Appeals. A Writ can be granted at the discretion of the US Supreme Court. The Supreme Court beingness the highest Court in the Nation has the right to not accept the petition and there has to be more or less kind of compelling reason for acceptance. In Shepards Case the Writ of Certiorari was granted.US Supreme Court Judge Cardozo reveals to the court that circumstantial evidence was used to prove to the jury the Major Shepard was guilty. According to the infer a conversation with Mrs. Shepards nurse Clara Brown, Mrs. Shepard asked the nurse to find her a bottle of whiskey. She then(prenominal) asked the nurse if there was enough left to prove the existence of poison. The nurse then states that the Mrs. Shepard accuses her husband of poisoning her.The Judge then states The admission of this declaration, if erroneous, was more than unsubstantial error. As to that the parties are agreed. The voice of the dead wife was heard in accusation of her husband, and the accusation was accepted as evidence of guilt.

Electronic Health Record Functionality Standards Essay

Electronic health Record Functionality Standards - Essay Examplent time and other resources in the evaluation and examination of the findings in recounting to the required data for the EHR selection and decision making deal, regulatory measures as good as the requisite for the EHR equipment (Carol 2007).This is the first step in incorporating findings into the EHR selection and decision making process this committee should comprise tout ensemble the stakeholders such as health practitioners, IT experts and other persons who may be affected by the EHR equipment.The formulation of a list of the functional models of the Electronic health Record may be a complex process to most health practitioners however, this process has been made easier by the use of the HL7 Functional Model which specifies various authoritative aspects of the Electronic Health Records that apply to most health institutions (Carol 2007).This is the next crucial step in the incorporation of findings and resul ts in EHR selection and decision making process. It ensures that persons purchasing the EHR equipment are in a position to opening pertinent information that provides assurance in regard to the proper functionality of the products.Various acts have been implemented to confess EHR vendors who meet the needs and specification of the EHR equipment. These acts include the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH). This act stipulates effective testing methodologies of the Electronic Health Equipment which checks compliance in relation to the section 320 (b). another(prenominal) regulatory measures have been implemented by a non-profit organization known as the (CCHIT), Certification mission for Health Information Technology. This commission authorizes the use of Electronic Health Records in the United States of America by certification (Kasprak 2008). In this aspect, the EHR committee may apply this knowledge in selecting the proper EHR equipment as wel l as their suppliers.The current rising number of EHR vendors may pose a challenge to the

Week 12 Real Estate CD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 12 Real Estate CD - Essay ExampleStambosky appealed against the ruling, and by majority, the appellant hail denoted that the rumors about the existence of ghosts in the house greatly affected its value. provided, the appeal court did not grant any damages to Stambosky in relation to misrepresentation of facts concerning the stature of the house. The court command that, it was not the duty of the real estate agent to disclose such information because of the principles of caveat emptor. sassy York at the time enacted the principles of caveat emptor in its laws (Emanuel, 2006).I represent with this ruling, because the customer should have want information about the house, before deciding to buy. It was not the duty of the seller to give him such information. However the court ruled in favor of Stambosky regarding the rescinding of the contract (Emanuel, 2006). According to the appeal court, searching the house by the buyer could not reveal the existence of a ghost, and accordi ng to the principles of equity, it was prudent to rescind the contract.I agree with this decision because under the principles of caveat emptor, the buyer should have sought information regarding the quality and value of the house. However, it is strong to identify the existence of ghosts by searching the house and therefore through equity, it is prudent to rescind the house. On this not therefore, the matter of non-disclosure did not sway the court in any

Scaling Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

scaling Study - Essay ExampleThe study is seen to be useful by instructors as feedback about their instruction, by students to select a particular caterpillar track, and by university administrators for use in employee selection. The questionnaire is reliable in that the students were given the questionnaire at the end of the teaching session. The comments about instructor and communication channel and suggestions about how to improve the course further prepare the validity of the questionnaire. The students seem to be in a better position to comment and criticize the course content than the syllabus designers. The students center their attention on how well they were taught and what they learned. So the questionnaire is effective in mind if the course and the instructor are on the right trackAn military rating often points to problem naming rather than problem solution, and thus should be considered one part of a continuous process of examination, adaption, good and evaluati on. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires)The students were asked to determine the appropriateness of the recommended texts and the proposed aims and purpose of the course content. These questions receive favorable ratings from the students. exclude a single student all the students found the course content very fireing and relevant. ... most all the students rated the instructor very poorly. The report showed that there was lack of enthusiasm in the instructors way of teaching and he did not provide sufficient illustrations while teaching which made some students lose interest in the course. Also the instructor made little effort in helping the students who had difficulty in the course. The use of aids though helpful was not sufficient in illustrating the course contents. As a result the course was not difficult for those who are expected to achieve high grades. But for real students who found the course content very interesting but were not expected to achieve higher grades, the lack of effective teaching methodology made it very difficult to understand the course content. The students were as well asked open ended questions as to what changes in the curriculum or the teaching method would be more than effective. Almost all of them suggested little or no changes in the course content. But as furthest as teaching was concerned there were many comments and suggestions. Thus the questionnaire was helpful in pointing out where the helplessness lay. It helped in determining the need for a change in teaching methodology and not the course content.A systematic program of evaluation of teaching staff is more than a management instruction system, because the focus is value, worth, merit, and effectiveness and an interactive communication network among the parties (teaching staff and administrators) is a crucial part of an evaluation program. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires)Recommendations by studentsQuestions like encourag ement of class discussions by the instructor received poor ratings. Similarly use of aids and personal help to

The Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The - Research Proposal Example337). The style further requires no veridical initiatives (Ledlow and Coppola 2013, p. 73). Transformational leadership however identifies simulations, could be suitable for industries with technical applications, and associated change target not only following but as well the organizations (Ricketson 2008, p. 18 Lussier and Achua 2009, p. 354). Transactional leaders are however go getters who inspire followers towards stigmatize targets (Bertocci 2009, p. 48). The approach has such factors as rewards and punishment and may not be suitable for sensitive industries that also focus on quality rather than quantity (Daenzer 2009, p. 40). The health care industry is an usage in which the style may leads to mistakes that may threaten lives from resultant services.The research is organized into five instalments. The first section offers background information into the study, rationale, and objectives. The second section reviews literature on the subject a nd identifies knowledge gap spot the third section discusses the studys methodology. The forth section will offer results while the twenty percent section will discuss the results and offer its implications.Situational Leadership II model offers the basis for the proposed study. According to the model, mightiness to manage a relationship between a leaders and a follower determines leadership victor and identifies the role of the environment to dictate leadership styles. Difference in environments, based on industries and associated scopes of work, then suggests a situational approach to leadership based on industries (Pitman 2009, p. 207 Blanchard 2009, p. 182). According to the model, need for support and direction, that may vary by both industry and organization develops the need for situational leadership. Delegating leadership style and self-reliance are for example suitable for

ECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECT - Essay congresswomanPLCs can be utilized as relays and timers which can be utilized in homes to misrepresent outputs based on the inputs. For example they can be used timers for switching of lights based on the customized entropy they have been provided for the environment in which a household is located.The most commonly used programming voice communication that is utilized for PLC programming is Ladder Logic. This language was not initially used as a random variable of programming language, but later it evolved for this purpose. This language provides a representation of a particular program and these representations be based on relay logic.The three main components include the processor, power supplier and a particle of input as well as output. The processor is referred to as the brain of the PLC which performs various functions such as controlling the process. The power supplier is utilized in transforming input power into voltage that is needed for the national circ uits. The section of input and output is necessary for protection of the CPU against any form of electric

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Ethics - Essay ExampleAristotles Human Function Argument Based on the military man intention argument, Aristotle had argued that a clear concept of happiness can be realized if the gentle race function could be studied and understood. It reflects that every function or activity of military personnel beings contains the worth or happiness in it based on rationality of the function. Thus with the rational part of the human someone performing an activity or a particular function, the goodness or happiness takes place. Aristotle had considered happiness to be the best good that could hire happened to a human being. Thus in order to determine the goodness in man, Aristotles function argument states that the function of the human needs to be ascertained. Also, according to him, human liveliness has been verbalise to be common to countersinks, as well as to animals at that placeby having an active life element with rationality (Korsgaard 129-132). The arguments presented by Arist otle as part of the function argument includes (1) Humans must have a function, or else they would be idle, which is absurd (2) Each human body part has a function, so the whole human must likewise have a function (3) The human function is alone(p) to only humans themselves (4)Human function is not growth and nutrition because these aspects of life are shared with plant (5)Human function is not sense perception because this aspect of life is shared with animal (6)The part of the human soul with reason is unique to human (7) The bare capacity of reason is insufficient to constitute a life function and (8) Therefore, the human function is activity of the part of the soul that expresses or requires reason (Pritchett). distress of the Function Argument Although Aristotle tried his best to determine the human function reflecting the happiness and goodness factors in human, his beliefs could not stand alone against the head words and criticisms that were raised. Aristotle could not pla ce his arguments successfully as he lacked supportive arguments over the premises he focused on. He could not explain the reason for human function to be considered as unique. When he said that human function is common to plants, it raised questions on the fact as to how two things can be similar only because they share some activities in common. Also, when he stated about animals, it is not clear whether he meant to say that humans only have functions and animals do not have any function. Different functions can be associated with different features or a same function can be presented in different ways by different individuals or animals. Hence Aristotles arguments could not present clearly the meanings of the premises (Pritchett). Critics also could not realize how the goodness of a human being can be associated with the good performance or activity of the individual tear down if there is a function present in human beings. Questions could be raised on several thoughts. For exam ple, even if it is believed to be true that goodness of a human is based on the good activity of the human, question arises whether it is good to be a good human or whether every the goodness of every hit human can be determined the same, and so on (Korsgaard 131). Thus

Peak Oil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peak Oil - Essay ExampleThis essay declares that bakshis cover is a state in which the maximum oil doing is recorded. After peak oil, the production may start to decline which is not a good sign for every the oil producers or the users. Global parsimony is heavily dependent on oil prices. Automobiles are essential for the transportation of goods to declare a balance between the supply and demand. Supply and demand determines the economical growth of the global community. Substitutes for oil must(prenominal) be researched and developed without any time delay. At the same time new technologies must be developed in order to utilize the distant offshore oil resources economically, which are valuable at present because of lack of feasible technologies to utilize it. Oil is the blood of global economy. As our body or life cannot survive without blood, the global economy also cannot survive without oil or pick energy sources.This paper makes a conclusion that peak oil is not a goo d scenario either of the oil producing countries or others. Though peak oil may bring temporary benefits to the oil producing countries, their economy will be suffered in the long run. For example, most of the Gulf countries are depending oil revenue for their economic growth. These countries dont have much other resources and the oil resource exhausting may not be a good sign for them. Even though, most of the global community are nauseous about the future of the world because of the exhausting oil resources, environmentalists consider the peak oil situation as a blessing to the human population.

State sovereignty and globalization Research Paper

State sovereignty and globalisation - Research Paper ExampleThis is also possible because of the concept of globalization. Globalization has made it possible to dispense and distribute information thousands of miles away. Globalization has also led to the topic of other actors at the international atomic number 18na, much(prenominal) as International Governmental Institutions. Examples of Inter-Governmental Institutions include the United Nations, NATO, European Union and the African Union. States have to forego some of the sovereign rights in order to be members of these organizations.2. Inter-Governmental Institutions as agents of Globalization Inter-governmental organization is an brass that is tranquil of sovereign states, and they join it for the purposes of gooding politically, socially or economically. The representatives of various governments sign treaties, which then pass through the do by of ratification, to give the agreement a legal recognition. The inter-gover nmental institutions must not be confused with various accordance organizations. For instance the North the Statesn Free Trade Agreement and the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade are not examples of inter-governmental institutions, but they are examples of treaty organizations. Because inter-governmental organizations involve associations between governments at the international arena, it can be termed as an agent of globalization. ... Some Inter-Governmental organizations are formed for the main purpose of restoring and preserving peace. An example of such an institution is the Formation of the League of Nation, after the end of the First domain of a function War. The institution was formed to prevent an emergence of another war, similar to the magnitude of the First realness War. However, the institution failed to prevent the emergence of the Second World War. Because of this failure, the International community resolved to form the United Nations. One of the failures of the League of Nations is to attract United States of America as a member. United States refused to join the League of Nations, for purposes of protecting its sovereignty. The government of United States of America agnise that joining the institution would amount to ceding some of its sovereign rights. Some inter-governmental organizations are formed to publicise inter-governmental cooperation in relation to environmental conservation, human rights protection and social development. Examples include UN Habitat, United Nations Economic and complaisant Council, and Economic Community of West African States. Globalization in this context is seen through the interaction of States, to benefit from those associations either through trade, or advancement of their socio-political ideologies. This is the case of International Monetary Fund and the promotion of ease of a States economy. This was the main ideology of United States and the Western parts of Europe3. They were the main financi ers of IMF and World Bank. These institutions played a great role in opening up the economies of third world countries, and therefore eroding some elements of their

Education is our Most Important Asset Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

preparation is our most(prenominal) Important Asset - Essay ExampleEducation is the vehicle we use to promote our society and make out civilization. Education is the attach that holds humanity together and is our most important asset.A good study is more(prenominal) that just the bookwork and classroom learning that is often portrayed as education. A true education instills value and civility. It teaches the student the norms and mores of the society in which they live. Education gives us the in additionls to interact with our fellow man. This is the most basic and total value of education. As Sahni reminds us, you can have all the book knowledge in the world near a certain profession, but if you dont know how to behave with your co-workers and or your superiors, having book knowledge wont get you too far. In commiserateing the value of education, we need to understand that education can take center anywhere.Having learned the moral foundation for interaction, education ca n also promote equality and justice. According to a United Nations report titled The Importance of Education for Women, Civil and family education should be used to hold back young people from growing up to perpetrate violence against women. Violence was a result of miseducation in the family. Once again we see education at an early age promoting the civil society we expect.Education does not teach us what to think, but how to think. ... The goal of the college is to, provide students with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential to living in and region to an ever-changing democratic society (The Importance of Education). Programs presented at universities are meant to develop a students autonomy, competence, conscience, and originative capacity. Critical thinking allows the student to decide the validity and value of the information available.Education also forms a standard by which civilization can communicate with one another. The student in Los Angeles will understand t he academic paper written in India because they have been educated. Without this formal instruction we would be living in the world of Babel. Our science would be isolated and unattainable outside closed cultures. Without standard building blocks to pee our knowledge upon, most of what we have gained as a society would soon become unintelligible. When filled with dupe and misspellings a Nobel Prize project would go unrecognized. As E.D. Hirsch so basically states, there is a personate of information that literate people do know (131). Education gives us the tools we need to communicate. Education is the glue that binds our fragmented knowledge and allows research to build and create new and innovative opportunities for a civilized future.This educational rubber meets the road in its goal of sustaining a healthy economy. Education creates economic opportunity and it takes education to benefit from it. According to Ferguson, Today, much of that high-value output demands workers wit h the creativity, cognitive abilities, and skills to interact with challenging technologies. Workers must be negotiable and innovative to exist in todays fast paced world of rapid change. To participate in the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 91

Assignment ExampleIn the opinion of tap pain and suffering and mental suffering are core elements of wrongfulness. In that regard, they lead to personal defect as well as malicious prosecution cases. Therefore, failure of the insurer to possessor the insurance melt off caused the plaintiff to suffer emotionally due to the that she was in dare need money to support her family, and then inviting the compromise of her claim.The issue is whether the plaintiff who is the beneficiary of the estate. That is insurance policy cover of her deceased husband suffered each loss after as a result of denial compensation by the insurer on her bide thereof. The hail also adopted objective standard to measure the severe emotional suffering suffered by plaintiff due to the variation of mental consequences suffered by individuals in justification of their decision.This case is governed by Illinois law as abases in determining the matter at hand in recover the reparation suffered by plaintiff d ue to a sever distress. There are also some cases of this identical which have been handle by the supreme court of Illinois, it now become prudent to make such(prenominal) presumption based on references thereto.The information in paragraph 8 has been organized in mode that produce a clear picture in elaborating the issue and facts that would substantiate the matter alleged. The connector as to the reason that has been used to transition from one element of other parts of the paragraph to another.The California court case of Siliznoff, Crisci, and Fletcher, are very precedence in determining the alleged act of insurer in law of tort. In these cases the judgment was affirmed by the supreme court of California where a damage of $25,000 was paid in compensation of mental suffering caused by insurance company in their refusal to owner the settlement within the limit of the liability policy.The objective of procuring the insurance

DQ1 Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ1 Questions - Assignment ExampleA bachelors degree is the minimal requirement needed to work in the advertising industry. A masters degree opens up many opportunities for professionals in this field. The average salary of a marketing advertising executive is $67,014 (Salary).The global economic crisis of 2008-2009 affected the economy a lot. In the marketing field the impact was devastating. Massive layoffs left thousands of workers in the marketing field out of a job. The downsizing initiatives put a lot of pressure and added workload on the marketing departments of many organizations. Another variable that was affected by the recession was overall marketing spending. Cost cutting initiatives lowered the money available to spend on advertising. Customers affect the products and services provided by companies. The customer taste and preferences are two variables used by marketers in the design process of unexampled products (Kotler). Marketing should become the responsibility o f entire work staff. Word of mouth advertising and placing advertising hearty on employees cars are two ways to increase employee involvement in marketing activities. grape vine advertising is important for every business, as each happy customer can steer rafts of new ones your way (Entrepreneur). The customers needs and wants can impact advertisers because that input can be use to create products that companies

African American Experience Essay Example for Free

African American Experience EssayAfter the courteous war many African Americans thought things would be different, that it would be a new beginning for them. They did gain freedom because many amendments were sometime(prenominal) so they could gain freedom. Whites didnt worry this though so they passed their own laws to prohibit these amendments and restrict their freedom. The African American experience did not get better by and by the civil war it actually got worse. The African American experience did not get better because the KKK was still harassing African Americans equivalent they were before the civil war. Then black codes were passed that restricted the freedom of African Americans and then they passed poll parrot task because they didnt necessitate African Americans to vote. Another event that happened was the Tulsa race riots that destroyed the town of Greenwood and killed many African Americans. Many muckle believe that the African American experience got bet ter however, I have a different opinion. They like to argue that African Americans can vote now, unless they passed the grandfather clause and poll tax. That essentially make it impossible for African Americans to vote.Or they said that slavery is over so it has improved, but when they passed the black codes they were basically making them slaves again. Overall the African American experience did not improve plainly worsened after the civil war. The African American experience did not get better because the KKK was still harassing African Americans like they were before the civil war. Then black codes were passed that restricted the freedom of African Americans and then they passed poll tax because they didnt want African Americans to vote.Another event that happened was the Tulsa race riots that destroyed the town of Greenwood and killed many African Americans. Many people believe that the African American experience got better however, I have a different opinion. They like to a rgue that African Americans can vote now, but they passed the grandfather clause and poll tax. That basically made it impossible for African Americans to vote. Or they said that slavery is over so it has improved, but when they passed the black codes they were basically making them slaves again. Overall the African American experience did not improve only worsened after the civil war.

“Nineteen Eighty-Four” by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

xix lxxxiv by George Orwell Essaynineteen Eighty-Four is George Orwells unswervingly grim vision of a dystopian future. The author always think it as more warning than prophecy, so that even though its title date has passed, its lessons about the dangers of con figity, rational coercion, and verbal deception retain their validity and relevance. The overbold depicts a world divided into three totalistic superpowers that are constantly at war with one another Oceania, prevail by the former unite States Eurasia, dominated by Western Europe and Eastasia, dominated by China and Japan. Since the novel belongs to the genre of the dystopia, a negative Utopia, much of its content is necessarily involved in describing Oceanian associationnot only in the features of its e rattlingday life, much of which reflects British life in 1948 (a year whose inverted minutes may absorb suggested the novels title), still also in detailed explanations of the historical origins of Ingsoc and Oc eania, as well as its official language, Newspeak. DiscussionA key ingredient in this chilling documentation of eroding forgiving license is its depiction of a corrupted language, Newspeak, Orwells brilliant rendering of that degraded language of politicians and sophists which hides sort of then reveals truth. (Orwell, 19) Orwell, rather clumsily in the view of some critics, gives much of this information in the form of a book-within-a-book, the supposed handbook of the revolutionaries, and an appendix to the novel itself about Newspeak.The purpose of Newspeak was to drastically reduce the number of words in the English language in order to eliminate ideas that were deemed dangerous and, most importantly, uncontrollable to the totalitarian dictator, Big Brother and the Party. Thought crime, the mere act of thinking about ideas like emancipation or Revolution, was punishable by torture and brainwashing. Newspeak was the sinister answer. A character in 1984 describes it succinctl y Do not you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of mentation?In the end, we shall make thought crime literally impossible because there will be no words in which to register it. The whole climate of thought will be different. In fact, there will be no thought as we understand it now. Is our real world today, at the beginning of the new millennium, so very different on a fundamental level from what Orwell predicted? There have been countless refutations of the 1984 dystopia Totalitarianism is on the wane, Communism is dead, there is more prosperity, more community, more freedom than ever before.(Orwell, 37) Arguably, on a geo-political level, the orbicular information economy has promoted the causes of peace and freedom, preventing potentially worse atrocities and repression in hotspots such as China and the Balkans. The butt joint line is you have no freedom, no power, you feel no need or desire for freedom or power, and, whats worse you do not even know that you do not have it. epitomeCritics of every aspect along the political spectrum, no matter what their views about the validity of Orwells affable analysis in Nineteen Eighty-Four, agree on one thing Considered politically and historically, Nineteen Eighty-Four is one of the most important books of the twentieth century. The bleakness of its vision of a totalitarian society became a profound warning, and Orwells accuracy was attested by dissidents in Eastern Europe and Russia some(prenominal) before and after the dissolution of the Soviet empire Orwell, said a Russian philosopher, understood the soul, or soullessness of Soviet life.Not only did the words Newspeak and doublethink enter the English language but Russians refer to the Novoyaz of communist Party language. (Orwell, 67) Some critics have pointed out that another layer of meaning exists within the novel. They connect Orwells dissection of Oceanian society to his portrayal of his depressing and unhappy preparatory sc hool days, which he discussed in his essay such(prenominal), Such Were the Joys (1952).Young English boys were removed from the warmth and security of their families, mini-societies governed by love and respect, and hurled into a world dominated by fear, repression, and an all-pervading sense of guilt. There, Orwell was imprisoned not only in a hostile world but in a world of good and evil where the rules were such that it was actually not possible for me to slip by them. In such a society, rebellion or even dissent becomes almost impossible, and even personal relationships are viewed with hostility and suspicion by the ruling class, that is, the masters and proprietors of the school.(Orwell, 81) Conclusion As a accredited anti-utopian novel, one in which the horrors of totalitarianism are amply illustrated, Nineteen Eighty-Four serves as a poignant reminder of the preciousness of free thought and an open society and whatever the author has predicted in this novel has one way or the other turned out to be true.Works Cited Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. New York Harcourt, Brace Co. pg 15-129.

Building a Wireless Sensor Network Essay Example for Free

Building a Wireless Sensor Ne 2rk Essay1.0 IntroductionIn the previous era, the technology application mostly using wire but this instant a radio receiver device has become common place. The definition of wireless sensor network is an application that having no wires alliance on that devices. In addition, to make the system easy to monitor from a distant location, the RF 433MHz staff was used. So, this determine gave rise to the idea for turn overing incidents about the RF 433MHz module performance for WSN application.1.1 hurl BackgroundNowadays, using the wireless sensor network (WSN) technology to monitor the environment helps someone to thrash the problems of deployment difficulty, high cost, and realized unmanned monitoring which is mostly used in factory, buildings, laboratory and house. This project is to study the frame and performance of the RF 433MHz module for WSN application. RF 433MHz module ar popular used in remote control system. This icon also avail co mpetent to use in this area. There are two types of the RF module which is transmitter and receiver. From research, using RF 433MHz module, the info can get more accurately without any data losses with the range that given than compared to other transmission for wireless sensor network.The range that can r distributively by this RF module is different between outside and internal area. For inside area, it can work for 50 meters through multiple walls with an antenna, while for the outside area, it ordain be able for hundreds of meters. Besides that, a microcontroller such as Arduino also used in this project. Arduino that available for this project is Arduino master which is it has 3.3V port that bequeath be easier to connect directly to the types of RF 433MHz module that used in this project.This project also go forth be studied the analysis of the data transmission by giving a few of distance between the transmitter and receiver of the RF 433MHz modules when located in the o bstacles or telegraph wire of sight area. Then, the data that are received will be displayed on the computer whether there are data losses or not.1.2 Problem StatementThe problem that becoming as issues right now is there is a lot of ways to send data but the problem is about the range, cost, and data losses. So, for this situation, study the performance of RF 433MHz can overcome the problem for the WSN application.1.3 ObjectivesThe objectives of this project are to understand the range and performance of RF 433MHz module. Moreover, exploration about the transmitting and receiving the data by using the RF 433MHz module.1.4 behave ScopeThe main work scope of this project is to make sure this project will secure the objectives.The main focus of this project-i. To study and understanding the range of RF 433MHz module.ii. To transfer data by using RF 433MHz module.1.5 MethodologyIn this project, there are three main parts. For the first part, it will be focused on the conducting the literature review and do some research more detail about the RF 433MHz module. Meanwhile, for the second part, after the software development process, the hardware development process will take over and include the testing of the project. Last part, when the hardware and software complete their part, it will be followed by testing the performance and the operation of the project to make an analysis.1.6 Report StructureThis part will explain all the flow for completing this report and project. In this report, there are five chapters.Chapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter will introduce the background of the project, state the problems, clear about the objectives, scope of work, planned the methodological analysis and structure of report to make it organized.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewThis chapter will be explained more dilate about all the research that have been done. Then, the summarization for the project also will be accustomed to this chapter to make it clear.Chapter 3 Methodology The methodology is the procedures or steps when doing this project. The simulation, analysis, and evaluation of the project will be discussed in this chapter. This method is important because from here the flow of the process for the project will be updated.Chapter 4 Expected ResultsThe expected results in the software or hardware will be stated in this chapter. The comparisons and improvements of this project will be described here. Analysis of the results also will be discussed here.Chapter 5 consequenceIn this chapter, to make a conclusion for all the summary of this project was collected in each part can be discussed in the conclusion.

Rsa Public Key Essay Example for Free

Rsa creation Key turn outAsymmetric algorithms rely on one blusher for encryption and a incompatible but cogitate key for decryption. These algorithms have the following important characteristics It is computationally infeasible to determine the decryption key apt(p) only knowledge of the cryptographic algorithm and the encryption key.In addition, some algorithms, such as RSA, overly exhibit the following characteristics Either of the two related keys can be employ for encryption, with the other utilise for decryption. A public key encryption scheme has six ingredients Plaintext This is readable message or entropy that is fed into the algorithm as input. Encryption algorithm The encryption algorithm performs various transformations on the plaintext. Public and private key This is a coupling of keys that have been selected so that if one is used for encryption, the other is used for decryption.The exact transformations performed by the algorithm depend on the publ ic or private key that is provided as input. Cipher text This is the scrambled message produced as output. It depends on the plaintext and the key. For a given message, two different keys will produce two different cipher texts. Decryption algorithm This algorithm accepts the ciphertext and the matching key and produces the original plaintext.The essential steps are as the following . Each user generates a pair of keys to be used for the encryption and decryption of messages. 2. Each user places one of the two keys in a public register or the other accessible file. This is the public key. The companion key is kept private. As figure suggests, each user maintains a collection of public keys obtained from others. 3. If Bob wishes to send a confidential message to Alice, Bob encrypts the message using Alices public key.

Using Office Equipment Essay Example for Free

Using Office Equipment EssayFull access is forgo for premium take on let outrsDifferent types of short letter equipment are pulmonary tuberculosisd to more quickly and efficiently deal with every manner of administrative tasks. Equipment such as computer, photocopier, s lotner, guller, telecommunicate machine and shredder.The computer often referred to as PC is used for the internet, communication such as e-mail or memo and to search for information. Work squirt excessively be processed victimization microsoft programs. The photocopier is used to copy documents and reprint them.The glancener is used to scan reputation documents and transfer them onto the computer creating a virtual copy. The printer is used to print out copies of documents from the computer. The fax machine is used to send copies of documents or important information to other businesses. The shredder is used to dispose of whatever documentation with sensitive or unavowed information on it. This eq uipment in like manner enable paper to be recycled.The different features on a computer enable me to access the internet to research information round the task I need to complete. I can also use emails on the internet using the computer, this helps me communicate within the organisation and externally and allows me to be constantly updated with information. Important information can also be sent securely using this. I can access Microsoft programmes that include Microsoft word, which I use to write letters or Excel which is used to input data onto spreadsheets such as savant course attendance records/registers.The different features on the photocopier are invaluable in saving duration and paper as they enable me to copy two-sided using duplexing and collect batches of papers using the collate moon-curser (essential for drawn-out training forms). The copier also allows me to change a colour document to black and light and print it. I can also resize the original document to a smaller or larger size and using A3 paper can produce a large document which can be folded in half.I would choose different equipment for certain tasks. For example if I required a copy of a document from the computer that needed to be a paper copy i.e. a form which needed to be completed and signed by a student or tutor, I would use the printer to print collide with the document then I would photocopy the document and print it out as many times I needed.Outcome 2 Understand the purpose of next instructions and health and safety procedures.It is important to follow the manufacturers instructions when using office equipment because by doing so it not only saves time and paper, lifting having to redo work which may be flawed, however also maximises the best use of the particular machine reducing the potential for wrongfulness/malfunction. This can also avoid work being lost i.e. if a copier is not correctly set decisive pages of a document can be omitted.Similarly keeping all equ ipment serviced and in good work order ensures itis always safe to use, working to maximum capacity and hopefully avoids breakdowns which can be time wasting. Equipment also needs to be kept clean and hygienic for the same reasons and to ensure germs are not passed from user to user within the office environment.From a Health and Safety perspective it reduces the risk to the user if the instructions are thoroughly studied and any necessary training or guidance is given before equipment is used. A company can be held responsible if an employee is injured using equipment in the work environment for which they have not been appropriately trained/instructed.Outcome 3 Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises waste.With regard to copy of documents waste can give if master copies are not proofed and loaded accurately and if the equipment is not set correctly i.e. using the duplexing circumstance forms can be printed double sided reducing page numbers. More expensive in k cartridges can be saved by printing documents in black and white as opposed to colour.Keeping waste to a stripped in the business environment is as vital as in all areas of society. It helps minimise damage to the environment such as carbon emissions, energy inefficiencies, water wastage, etc. Reducing waste helps to dress the environmental impact an organisation can have by reducing air and water pollutions and trammel the amount of materials that contribute to landfills. Reduced waste can prove cost effective to a business. By operating efficiently slight expenditure is required for materials and orders to restock supplies are reduced. Similarly using less fuel and electricity has the dual benefit of reducing energy bills and carbon emissions.Outcome 4 Be able to use office equipment.I have been tasked with restocking the packs of diagnostic assessments and individual learning plans for tutors to hand out to trainees. For this I have used an Olivetti (d-copia 3500MF) photoco pier located in a dedicatedroom separate from the of import office.The manufacturers instruction manual was not available, however having been briefed by my supervisor as to the organisational guidelines for the safe and appropriate use of the equipment, I ensured the copier was set to produce batches of 10 to be collated as they printed to save time and to copy double sided to reduce waste.I did encounter a problem when completing this task as a pack of paper had been stored inappropriately and was damp. This caused the machine to jam and a light indicator signalled which compartment of the machine was affected. In accordance with safe procedure I removed the offending paper.I was not informed that if the copying process is interrupted the copier will default back to single sided copying and this unfortunately bullock to a batch of forms being wasted. This error was flagged up by my supervisor who I had requested to check my work and further incidents were avoided by ensuring the damp paper would no longer be used and the setting rechecked if any other printing interruptions occurred.On another occasion I had been using the photocopier to produce lengthy training documents which were essential for the following day however grey ink smudge marks started to occur on the bottom of each page as it was printed out and after checking with my supervisor we agreed this was unacceptable. I then was authorised to telephone the service company whose telephone number was located on the campaign panel of the machine and I explained the fault. The service company confirmed an engineer was in the area and would name later that day to repair the equipment as necessary. I was then able to complete my task therefrom avoiding disruption to the tutors planned training sessions.Whilst overseeing the copying I was also given a box of confidential paperwork which I used the shredder to dispose of, regularly emptying the container when the red light indicated it was full. After switching off mains power I ensured surplus paper was removed from the rollers and sweptdebris up from the floor to avoid slips/falls. Shredded paper is recycled in the designated bin located nearby.On completion of the tasks as requested by the end of the day I ensured the documents were filed in their appropriate slots ready for any tutors to collect at their convenience. I then refilled the copier with paper and cleared away all the work surfaces in order that they could be used the following day.

Foreign Policy Toward Iraqi Refugees Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy To contendd Iraki Refugees EssayIn 2003, the US war in Iraq finally toppled Saddam Husseins dictatorial regime and freed the Iraki wad from the irons of tyranny. However, the re-establishment of democratic processes and the road to achieving peace have led to perdition, as Islamist fundamentalism prevailed during the cultural-religious bestowal scour at the meter prior to Saddams reign of power. The victory of democracy in the installation of a newly Iraki government in passiveed the shadow of political unrest and extreme economic recession, in which the fall of capital of Iraq may have been buried in a deep grave. At present, the violence in Iraq is demonstrate no sign of slowing down and majority of the Iraki heap continue to suffer enormously as documented on this account the UN estimates that 2. 6 million Iraqis have fled since 2003 ranging from 40,000 to 50,000 Iraqis leaves their homes every month 2 million flees to nearby countries and about 1 . 8 million of the civilian populace seek refuge in safer beas within Iraq, in which Syria and Jordan are among the countries directly helping the refugees for the past three years, and some have fled to Egypt, Lebanon, Yemen, Iran and Turkey.Meanwhile, around daily the media reports on the desolation of Iraqi. The Refugee International has accounted for series and continuing street crimes, the prevalence of business closures, military personnel trafficking, and kidnap-for-ransom cases. In addition, the media said that the documentation of casualties and victims of similar crimes has to be reconciled with at large proportion collect inability to locate substantial witnesses and the family of the victims. Goal Positioning The goal of this paper generally seeks to discuss and attempt the continuing struggle for survival in Iraq.The product of examination shall be presented through a mannikin of debate pertaining to alien insurance toward Iraqi refugees. In parcelicular, a holi stic approach exit be undertaken, to (1) identify the extent and magnitude of mass evacuation of refugees, and (2) examine the availability of foreign policies that concern Iraqi refugees. In addition, the objective of the study is to address the long debatable issue on host sylvan refugee adoption and to answer the question why and how Iraqi refugees could be hosted by countries like the united States of the States but neither by early(a) European countries or in Asia? This question plainly posits the viable means of a foreign policy that could be adopted if there once that exists, in which this abstract could ventilate the avenues of legislation and to the meanest effort of influencing the public interest for policy initiatives. Background of ascertain The priming coat of the study focuses on the sub-human conditions of the Iraqi people and their desire to flee from their homeland in exile as refugees. The background based on the plight of the Iraqi refugees will also disc uss derivatives of study on foreign policies that grow the goals of this paper.The additional consideration on the need for enabling a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees could place and can be comparatively analyzed with the proportion of violence that links the overall unaccounted number of Iraqi casualties. Thus, the initial indicator is based on the documented report that follows (1) US military killed in Iraq is estimated at 3,973 (2) number of US troops wounded in combat since the war began is 29,203 (3) Iraqi Security soldiery deaths is 7,924 (4) Iraqi civilians killed is estimated at a range from 81,632 to 1,120,000 (5) internally displaced refugees in Iraq is estimated at 3.4 million. On the other hand, as part of the documented report , the cost of war has accounted to $526 billion to date, with a cost per twenty-four hour period of $275 million and being estimated at a long- term bill of $3 trillion. In addition, Iraqi unemployment has bounteous from 25 to 40 percent. Literature Review A brief review of similar literatures will be discussed in this section in dedicate to (1) present the collection of initiatives and collaboration of international entities and governments for refugees, and (2) link the relevancy to the process of this paper.Canada was tasked to assume the role of gavel-holder of the newly established Refugee Working Group (RWG) in January of 1992 as part of the design of the general Middle East peace process (MEPP) that created the Expert and Advisory Services blood (EASF) as a Canadian involvement to the Middle East Multilateral Peace Process . The EASF is administered by Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC) with funding from the Canadian International Development way of life (CIDA) in partnership with the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT).The implementation of EASF for the period of ring 2002-2008 works within key policy issues on refugees, in which EASF (Phase 3 IDRC) program s embark on the remuneration to Palestinian refugees as part of a comprehensive solution, challenges of repatriation and absorption, and gauging and engaging public opinion . In a related decision, the Georgetown Universitys School of Foreign Service through its Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS) fit(p) in Qatar and the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) in Washington jointly conducted a study in 2007 regarding this for .The study showed that Iraqis in Jordan and Syria are beneficiaries of two opposing foreign policies, one is the tradition of Arab brotherhood which comprises a political and moral responsibility in providing refuge while the other is an option of Jordan and Syria not to mix the Iraqis permanency . However, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) considers the Iraqis as prima facie refugees (being registered refugees) who were issued with asylum seeker card in Jordan and refugee cards in Syria.The UN agen cies and NGOs have provided immediate support to lessen the misery. Furthermore, the study team stated that the war in Iraq is not limited to Iraq since it has intensely affected the Middle East region . However, according to a contention of a UK-based NGO, many refugees are denied asylum status, being degraded and are even called as public assistance scroungers or fake refugees when they come to the UK . It is obvious that the US and UKs War on Terror is marginalizing refugees in time only as numerous legitimate political movements are labeled terrorist .In addition, based on the statement, the UK has curved entire migrant communities as terrorist suspects in which the anti-terrorism laws have widened the classification of terrorism encompassed with political activities even on those who are against oppressive regimes overseas . Moreover, the US government has recently released a press statement disclosing that about 12,000 Iraqi refugees will be admitted to US before the end o f 2008.According to State Departments elderberry bush Adviser James Foley, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Tony Edison and the Department of motherland Security (DHS) Senior Adviser on Iraqi Refugee Issues Lori Scialabba, Iraqis were identified as potential candidates for emigration to the United States. After a year of redoubled efforts, all of the organizations involved in the process are working(a) together to build a more effective refugee screening program . The three US officials further stated that the US has poured in $171 million in humanitarian assistance to displaced Iraqis both in and right(prenominal) the demesne in 2007.However, the UN has appealed for $123 million in 2007 to $261 million for 2008 . Scope and Limitation The scope of work will be composed of a 2-prong method which are (1) on-field and out- field research within the scope of finding available and adequate materials as derivatives in the conduct of evaluation and the actua l field validation of info and (2) study review in areas of fitting in the study parameters in view of legislative policy agenda for refugees in order to re-examine the gaps and further conduct of study.Considerably, the aspect of out-filed research may be limited only to accessing the available data sources, such as on-site interviews to various individuals or personalities and concourse of other data materials that are readily available. Perspectives It has been a glaring and presently debatable issue that Iraqi refugees pose a challenge to global governments and communities of progressive people. The parameters of the study believe that Iraq has not yet scourge the war.While it is true that Iraq was once a captive of political and religious dogmas, the country must still be retained to its sovereign people. The Iraqi refugees is a shame to the least part of developed and even underdeveloped world from Africa to Asian continents because in that part of Middle East lies a bleedi ng country characterized by the plagues of war. It is in this regard, the study envisions a perspective that would create and supplant the bondage and stigma of war from the life of the Iraqi people.The study also aims to map out the road to recovery, and through that, a foreign policy for Iraqi refugees may guide the ascendancy of moral values and responsibility in order to achieve peace in Middle East and the rest of the world. Conclusion It is clear the Iraqi people continue to walk on the road to perdition due to their long struggle of tyranny. It could be depict that the misery after the fall of Baghdad has a continuum in despicable plight.The global partnership in restoring and retaining the democratic processes in Iraq may be a long process and difficult due to the intensely adverse cultural-religious entanglement. Nevertheless, it is necessary to first restore the peoples lives, specifically women, and children. Once this is achieved, it will be no longer hard to once again see the flourishing city of Baghdad where people co-exist in abundant life amidst the barren lands.Bibliography America. Gov, United States to Welcome 12,000 More Iraqi Refugees in 2008 (February 06, 2008) http//www. america. gov/st/peacesec- slope/2008/February/20080206160027idybeekcm0. 824032. html Erik Leaver and Jenny Shin, The Iraq Quagmire, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036. (March 4, 2008). http//www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/5036 International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Middle East Expert and Advisory Services lineage, Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (2008). http//www. idrc.ca/uploads/user-S/12060300201Microsoft_Word_- _EASF_Program_Profile__3__final. pdf Kristele Younes, The Iraqi Refugee Crisis, Foreign Policy in Focus, Institute of Foreign Policy, Washington DC 20036 (March 14, 07). http//www. fpif. org/fpiftxt/4059 Patricia Weiss Fagen, Iraqi Refugees Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan, Georget own University Institute for the Study of International Migration (2007). http//www12. georgetown. edu/sfs/isim/Publications/PatPubs/Iraqi%20Refugees. pdf The Refugee Project, 44 Ainger Road, London, NW3 3AT (2008). http//www. therefugeeproject. org/

History of the U.S. Income Tax Essay Example for Free

History of the U.S. Income Tax EssayThe income levy of the United States of the States, be it federal, evidence and local, has changed over time. Different circumstances pushed the disposal to create evaluateation and to amend the existing value revenueation laws. During the pre-Revolutionary state of war era in the 1700s, assesses were not compel by the colonial political relation as their need for impose revenue did not exist. The colonies, on the other hand, had greater responsibilities therefore, had greater need for tax revenue.Because of this, different types of taxes were enforce by the colonies. The southern colonies enforce taxes on imports and exports while the middle colonies overthrowd taxes on property and a poll tax on each adult male. The New England colonies, on the other hand, collected taxes finished property taxes, income taxes and happen upon taxes. When the English Parliament realized the need for money to pay for the French war, it imposed d ifferent taxes to the American colonies through the Stamp flirt which was enacted in 1765.Later on, this Stamp Act was rewrite to include taxes for permits, newspapers, legal documents and playing cards. The Townsend Act was later on enacted by the Parliament to include taxes for paint, tea leaf and paper . After a decade of paying taxes, there was much resistance to the tax imposed by the Parliament. During the Boston Tea Party in 1773, colonists, dressed as Native Americans, threw 342 chests of tea from a ship of the British East India Company to the Boston Harbor.In 1775, Isaac Backus during the Massachusetts Assembly said that Its not all America now appealing to Heaven against injustice of creation taxedWe are persuaded that an consummate freedom from universe taxed by civil rulersis not mere favor from any men in the world but a right and property granted us by God, who commands us to bristle fast in it . Taxation is considered as one of the factors that conduct to Ame rican state of war for Independence therefore, when America gained its Independence, Article 1, Section 9, Article 4 of the U. S. Constitution in 1787 declared that there be no capitation or any direct taxes imposed on the citizens.The national government had very little responsibilities during these time and relied only if on donations given by the States for its revenue. However, in 1789, the Founding Fathers realized that it could not function at its efficiency if it relied only on other governments donations hence the Federal Government was granted the authority to impose taxes. The sensitivity to taxation was still existing at this point in time hence the government has to be careful on how it impose taxes so as to minimize resistance from its people.Alexander Hamilton, depositary of the Treasury in the 1790s, decided that a sin tax was imposed . Through the sin tax, only items which society thinks is deviant or vice were taxed such as distilled spirits, alcohol and whiske y. However, this still led to the armed revolt called Whisky Rebellion by a group of South Pennsylvania utmostmers. stable during the 1790s, the Federal Government imposed direct taxes to owners of houses, slaves and land. However, when Thomas Jefferson was elected to office in 1802, these direct taxes were distant and for the succeeding 10 years, only excise taxes were imposed.The reason for this was because he realized the inverse relationship of tax order and tax revenue wherein the higher the taxes imposed on the citizens, the slower the economy grows hence the tax revenue declines. A deoxidize in the rate of tax means that income for the family will pay back higher, expenditures become higher and hence, the economy experiences growth. During the 1812 fight, the need for tax revenue resurfaced again hence taxes on the gross revenue of gold, jewelry, watches and eloquent were imposed. Treasury notes were also issued to raise money.However, in 1817, the relation back revo ked these taxes and for the next 40 years, government revenue was base on high customs duties and sale of government or public land . In 1861, when the well-bred War erupted, the Revenue Act of 1861 was enacted. This Act restored the previous taxes on individualal income. This tax was similar to the mod income tax because it was based on a gradual taxation of withholding tax from its source. A person earning $600 to $10,000 a year remunerative 3% tax. Persons with income higher than $10,000 paid a higher rate of tax.In 1862, the debt created by the war was rising at a rate of $2 one million million million per day hence there was another need for the government to increase its revenue. Because of this, the Congress passed another tax imposition on items such gunpowder, playing cards, telegrams, iron, pianos, yatchs, drugs, among others. After the Civil War, the need for revenue declined and hence the income tax was abolished and only the excise taxes remained from 1868 to 1913 . The War Revenue Act in 1899 was enacted to raise funds for the Spanish-American War.Government revenues, thru this Act, was raised through sales of bonds, tax imposition on recreational facilities, beer and tobacco. However, the Supreme Court realized that the people of America were nice aware that the high tarrifs and excise taxes were not good to the economic welfare of the nation and that these taxes were usually paid by the less affluent citizens. Hence, there was an agreement that business income instead was imposed tax. By 1913, Congress enacted a new income tax law which imposes 1% to 7% for persons with income above $ergocalciferol,000.These people earning above $ vitamin D,000 was only 1% of the total United States population . During World War I, the United States needed to increase its revenue again to fund the war. The 1916 Act raised the tax imposition from 1% to 2% and could go as high as 15% for those with income of more than $1. 5 million. By 1917, the government still needs raise government revenue to pay for the war, hence the War Revenue Act of 1917 was enacted. Through this Act, exemptions were lowered and tax pass judgment change magnitude that those who earn $40,000 needs to pay 16% tax rate.In 1918, the tax rates were further increased. Those citizens paying 1% had to pay 6%. The highest rate in 1917 was 15% but during 1918, this was increased to 77%. Due to this increase in tax rates, government revenue increased from $761 million during 1916 to $3. 6 billion in 1918. After the war, the government revenue rose and the government decided to cut taxes to 1% hind end rate and 25% top rate . The Great Depression during the late 1920s and azoic 1930s pushed the government to once again increase the tax rates.The Tax Act of 1932 was enacted and by 1936, the bottom tax rate was at 4% and the top tax rate reached 79%. When the World War II came, another price hike came into place which modify the tax rates. Those with taxable income of less than $500 paid a bottom rate of 23% taxes while those earning taxable income of over a million dollars paid about 94% of taxes . The tax structure in the United States was also heavily altered in that the number of taxpayers increased from 4 million during 1939 to roughly 43 million during the World War II.Throughout all these years of implementing taxation, the government learned a very important lesson which until now is being valued by government officials and economists and has affected the tax laws enacted in the country the marginal dollar is far more important to the economy compared to the tax rate being used. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 was implemented with this important lesson in mind. Unlike the previous taxation laws, this Act was intended to focus on marginal tax rates and it also included consumption taxes.However, due to the deep recession see by the country in 1982, the government was once again faced with the need to increase tax rates to overcome budget deficits. Following the 1982 recession was an economic boom which lead the country to commit that marginal tax rates are very important for a strong economy. During the Reagan administration, tax rates were further reduced and had a broader base through the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This reduced tax rate from 50% to 28% while business taxes were reduced from 50% to 35% .In 1997, the Taxpayer relievo Actof 1997 was enacted. The significant party of this Act was the Per Child Tax credit which benefited the lower-income families. During the Bush administration in 2001, the government experienced a budget surplus of about $281 billion hence a tax cut was once again conducted . This tax cut included raising the Per Child Tax Credit from $500 to $1,000 per child, as well as increased the Dependent Child Tax Credit. Until now, this tax law is being implemented and is expected to boost economic growth for the country.

Classification of Japan Essay Example for Free

Classification of Japan EssayNowadays, in Japan, the number of traveler from abroad is increasing, although there was a big earthquake in Fukushima in Japan. When you come to Japan, there atomic number 18 three places you dedicate to levy then capital of Japan, Kyoto, and Hiroshima. If you visit these places, you would see Japanese culture, food, and historical create.First of all, I think intimately traveler is coming to Tokyo at first. Tokyo is unrivalled of the biggest cities if comparing by other countries. Tokyo is withal central of Fashion in the world. You can see unique works people. In Tokyo, there are a lot of skilful towns, such as Shibuya, Harajyuku, and Asakusa. The course to explore the metropolis of the Harajuku and Shibuya are two youthful and energetic cities. There is Takeshita Street, which is excursion from raw always stop by school trip in Japan, and there are numerous sights to be able to touch Koen-dori fashion trend, not boring the young. It is also fun to see the young people come and go. Next, in the entrancing atmosphere of old-fashioned streets are left, there are many venerable in Asakusa, which is always herd with many tourists. Raimon, a large lantern of Senso-ji Temple has become a landmark of the town. Asakusa is also an exciting city because they learn various events, such as Asakusa Samba Carnival (May 8), and Sumida River Fireworks Festival (July).Second, when you visit to Kyoto, you can visit a lot of temples, and there are a lot of world heritage sites. Kiyomizu Temple is one of the world heritage sites. Every year, a lot of people, who is traveler from abroad, and student for school trip postulate visited there. You can see beautiful view from Kiyomizu temple. It is also difference from each season. When it is spring season, you can see a lot of blossom tree. When it is fall season, there are a lot of autumn leaves, which shows comely color. You can enjoy by just walkin around the city because the str eets has not changed since many years ago, so you can see Streets of old-fashioned. You can walk the city as seeing history. I mean, there are lot of historical buildings remained since many years ago, so you can see the way people who is from many years ago have been making as history in Kyoto.Last of all, especially people, who cognise in America, I think they have to visit Hiroshima because you can see A-bomb dorm. There is also Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, which is telling the history of the war since then. You can learn a lot of things and have a lot of feeling when you go. Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum has continued to appeal the wishes of the Hiroshima seek the realization of durable world peace and the abolition of nuclear weapons. Divided into main building and atomic number 99 Wing, in the East Wing has photo panel exhibit clarity of exposure before and after exposure was establish on historical facts, History of Hiroshima, the video, due to model. In the main bui lding, we have the materials exhibit convey the bleakness of the bombing. In addition, the Peace Memorial Park with a museum,and in the spring season, is known as cherry blossoms.In conclusion, Japan is smaller than United States very much however, there are values to visit. I mean, if you can came to Japan, you can not only enjoy eating delicious, going to sightseeing, and going to theme park, that you can learn a lot of things because in Japan a lot of historical building remain as world heritage sites now, such as Kiyomzu temple and A-bomb Dorm. Also, you would enjoy wherever you visit in Japan because people live there is kind, and every city has very good things, such as food, historical building, special events, and theme park.

Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making tasteEnd-of-life ending-making entails looking into ethical, cultural, as well as, legal concerns. All of the aforementioned has to be cargonfully considered if one has to adjudicate to end his or her own life. This paper pass on look into the ethical, cultural, and legal come forths that go along with end-of-life decision-making. It in like manner in lams to state what therapist can contri exclusivelye in his or her participation in the discussion of end-of-life decision making together with his or her colleagues, as well as, patients their families. Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making at that place be ethical indispensable issues involved in end-of-life decision-making and whatever are the following First of all is the issue on utilitarianism, since this is give tongue to to be the foundation of morals then it is linked to the end-of-life decision-making as well (Ebenstein Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). Here, it is said that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Ebenstein Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). Happiness here is regarded as the absence of pain and unhappiness is the aim of the aforementioned (Germino 1972, p.240). It is an issue because happiness is not all that matters in ending a life (Ebenstein Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). In addition to that, how can one be sure that the absence of pain, which is death in this case, go away antecede to happiness of the person chiefly involved in the end-of-life decision-making (Ebenstein Ebenstein 1991, p. 580)? The same is true with the family of main person involved, go away they be experience happiness if the patient opts to end his or her life voluntarily instead of hold for his or her natural death to keep place (Ebenstein Ebenstein 1991, p.580)? Second is the issue related with the Kantian prototype or what is technically referred to as th e deontological theory (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). This states that a person has to fulfill a certain righteousness or duty as a part of his objective (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). This statement now seems to be incoherent since the concrete definition of a accountability or duty is not provided (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). For example, is it the persons responsibility to subject himself or herself to death (Bennagen, 2000, p.50). It may be his or her right to choose to live or die but if asked if it is his or her responsibility remains a big question (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). Last but not least, there are both(prenominal) health care providers who are extremely conscious intimately how much gold is spent on patients and how effectively it is spent (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Some individuals feel that the amount of money spent on terminally ill patients is not really worth it (Hinman, 2000, p. 9).This is highly unethical it is as if one is saying that money is far more important than actually t rying to save a life (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Cultural Issues Involved in End of Life Decision-Making Furthermore, there are several cultural issues involved in end-of-life decision-making as well and some are the following First of all, there are some extremitys of a cultural minority that prefers to be spoken to directly with regards to the unsoundness that they are outlet through (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516). Although, there are also some who do not (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 516. ). In fact some immediate family members request that they be the ones to be spoken to only since they believe that informing the patient will only make the patient feel worse and will eventually negatively affect him or her (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). The same is true when it comes to making decisions with regards to the medications/treatment that the patient will undergo some family members prefer that they be the ones to be in charge about this instead of the doctor and/or the patient (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ).Second, patients who belong to a cultural group sometimes opt not to be directly informed about the disease he or she is going through especially if its a life-threatening one (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Third, some patients also would prefer to carry out certain religious activities and spiritual traditions so as to hang in their aesculapian treatment, and eventually, their healing as well (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Last but not least, some patients take into consideration their beliefs and outlook when it comes to the medical experts, suffering, as well as, the afterlife (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Legal Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making There are also certain legal concerns when it comes to end-of-life decision-making Most of the States disallows physician-assisted suicide for example in New York, it is wicked under the general homicide laws (Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n. d. , n. p. ). The same is true in Virginia wherein there is no law that actually covers physician-assisted suicide but there is a statute which imposes gracious sanctions on persons assisting in a suicide (Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n.d. , n. p. ). My confederation as a Therapist in the Discussion of End-of-Life Decision-Making along with Colleagues There are several things that I may contribute as a therapist to my colleagues. I can share with them my knowledge with regards to how to surpass with patients of diverse culture (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). I can request them to demonstrate an interest to the patients cultural heritage for them to be able to give the patient culturally-sensitive care (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 521. ). In addition to that, I will also let them know that it is important to give the patient autonomy especially when it comes to non-disclosure of medical tuition and family-centered decision-making because through the aforementioned, the patient will eventually feel that their cultural norms are being respected (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). My appointment as a Therapist in the Discussion of End-of-Life Decision-Making along Patients and their FamiliesFinally, I may also be of great assistance to patients and their families with regards to their discussion of end-of-life decision-making through the following 1) I will respect it if the patient prefers that his or her family members be the recipients of diagnostic and treatment information 2) I will make sure first who is the member of the family whos appointed to make treatment decisions before speaking to him or her or giving them an advice with regards to the medical procedures or treatment and 3)I will help them find another therapist/physician in case they are uncomfortable with the current one and especially if their therapist/physician belong to the unlike ethnic background (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). As a therapist, I w ill try to advise them the best I can while considering their cultural background, incorporating my ethical/moral standards, and making sure that I will comport by the laws as well.ReferencesBennagen, P. (2000). Social Economic and Political Thought. Q. C. UP Press. Ebenstein, W. and Ebenstein, A. 1991, Great Political Thinkers Plato to the President.Harcourt Brace, Forth Worth. Germino, D. 1972, Machiavelli to Marx young Western Political Thought. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Hinman, L. M. (2000). Ethical Issues in End of Life Decisions A Guide to soul Differences. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//ethics. sandiego. edu/presentations/sharp/index_files/v3_document. htm Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//www. nightingalealliance. org/pdf/state_grid. pdf Searight, H. R. Gafford, J. (2005). Cultural Diversity at the End of Life Issues and Guidelines for Family Physicians. American Family Physician, 71( 3), 515 522.

Communications Persuasive Essay Essay Example for Free

Communications Persuasive Essay Essay particular(prenominal) purpose I would like to persuade my audience that dose test screenings should be mandatory in order for offbeat recipients to receive their money.IntroductionAttention material How umteen if you take a shit jobs? How many if the volume with jobs like to see a huge chunk of their check MIA due to state and federal assesses? And how many of you like knowing that that chuck of your check thats missing could very well be dismission towards someones do drugs addiction?Thesis Statement By enforcing a mandatory drug test to every last(predicate) welfare recipients, you ensure that hard working peoples tax dollars are organism used the correct ways, and not being used to support a drug addiction,Preview Today I will inform you on the pros of drug exam welfare recipients, how many states call for already run throughed this law, how many states are trying to pass the law, the cons of the drug testing, and what we can do to out this plan into action. BodyI. What benefits would drug testing welfare recipients have on our country?A. David Vitter of U.S. News Weekly states, by drug testing welfare recipients, it would ensure that wholly hardworking taxpayers money Id going to nonplus used in the correct and intended way. The nation is already in enough debt of more than $14 trillion, does it make much sense to be wasting tax money on sinful drugs and dishonest welfare recipients? That makes no sense at all (Vitter, 2011)B. Enforcing drugs testing will also force drug users or addicts that are looking for financial assistance to welcome help before receiving money that would have been used to feed their ongoing addiction (Vitter, 2011) By approach shot up with a plan to make drug user go to rehabilitation centers and treating their addiction before they receive financial assistance from the government will cause people to either get purify first, or not have the opportunity to take the tax mon ey and waste it on illegal drugs anyway.ll. Where in the United States has this law been implemented?A. Many states have tried very hard to get the drug testing law put into place and used forceively but not all have succeeded. In fact only 7 of the 29 that have proposed the law have had it passed in their state. The states that have the law include Florida, Utah, myocardial infarction, Tennessee, Arizona, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Many of the states that haveMercado 3tried to get this law into effect include North Dakota, Arkansas, New Hampshire, Texas, Kansas, Maine, Wyoming, and Virginia (National, 2013)III. What are the possible cons to drug testing welfare recipients?A. Two Michigan mothers, both on welfare argue that the drug testing law in effect in their state is it if constitutional grounds. Tanya Marchwinski, one of these mothers states, Just because we are lower income we are singled out. Makes me feel like Im doing something ill-timed and Im constantly being watched. (C annon, 1999)B. Many states that have tried passing the drug testing law have failed because it is deemed unconstitutional. Due to the simple fact that the state representatives cannot assume all welfare applicants or recipients are drug users or addicts. Being able to pass these laws would take the conditions being changed to drug testing only taking place if state representatives suspect drug use in a welfare applicant or recipient.IV. A proposal on welfare reformA. Domenick Basolo the president of Good for Society, proposes a structure fair like the Three-Strikes Law Strike 1- Failing the given drug test when applying for welfare follows in providing written documentation for agreeing to signing up for a rehabilitation program. Strike 2- Must submit random drug screening, and provide proof once a week to attending rehabilitation programs. Strike 3- YOURE OUT The sorrow to adhere to the following conditions and opportunities given will result in loss of funds to recipient, and possible plate search to rule in or out of potential child negligence (Basolo, 2013).ConclusionA. there are many opinions on the welfare reform and whether or not to require applicants and recipients for submit a drug test and pass the drug test to relieve funds. However not all ideas or opinions would be acceptable in this country, because most ideas are deemed unconstitutional. Nevertheless, it is very evident a reform in welfare is much needed. Its just now about finding an acceptable way to reform it without creating controversy. Personally, as a hard working tax payer, I would like to know my tax dollars are going to the right things theyre intended for, not just to support a drug addict and at the akin time neglect innocent childrens needs for daily life items.

Business Analysis of Honeywell International

business organisation Analysis of H championywell InternationalH championywell International is a Fortune vitamin C global diversified technology and manufacturing leader with r fifty-fiftyues to the tune of $30.9 billion. The high society has four strategical line of products units, that is to say Aerospace, Access and subdue Solutions (ACS), Transportation Systems, and Specialty Materials. Honeywell employs intimately 123,000 employees in more than 123 countries of which all everyplace 10,000 argon employed in India. The organizational structure of Honeywell India is illustrated in )This thesis aims to boundulate a concept and implementation plan for a formalized onboarding syllabus for two of the Strategic Business Units (SBUs) of Access and Control Solutions (ACS) namely Honeywell Security Group (HSG) and ADI.Honeywell Security Group (HSG)Honeywell Security is an international supplier and distributor of electronic security systems and solutions. Honeywell Security is a business unit of Honeywell International, $34 billion diversified technology and manufacturing leader, service of extremity customers worldwide with aerospace products and services h sr. up technologies for buildings, homes and industry automotive products turbochargers and specialty materials. (Honeywell, 2010)Honeywell Security has an extraordinary range of solutions across intrusion detection, Video surveillance, access control technologies Home net systems and invests all over $50 million a division in research and development. It has its engineering centers of excellence in the U.S., Canada, China, Korea, India, Scotland and France and leverages technologies that are developed elsewhere in Honeywell and brings them to the security business.Honeywell Security South Asia operations spans across Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and otherwise South Asian countries with HQ in India. Headquartered at Gurgaon, Honeywell Security has sales offices in Mumbai, Bang alore and Kolkata catering to all four corners of the country. An exponentially growing business unit of Honeywell International, Honeywell Security caters to all electronic security indigences for Industrial, Government, Defense, Transportation, Commercial, Retail, Hotel, Hospital, Corporate Buildings, IT, ITES, Banking and besides the Residential grocery store.Lines of BusinessVideo SystemsProducts range from basic camera systems to fully integrated systems cap satisfactory of accomplishmenting on local area net expire and over internet.Access Control SystemsSingle door applications to integrated enterprise level access control systems.Integrated Security SystemsUse of access control, alarm monitoring, video badging, digital video, CCTV, visitor prudence and moulding intrusion detection on vindicator platform to provide a comprehensive security management solution integrated with process control, building management control and other enterprise level systems. usurpation Dete ction SystemsIntrusion detection products ranging from the simplest door contact to the central station receiver.Home SystemsSophisticated fire to end technology solutions for comfort adapted, secure informed living.In India, HSG employs about 61 employees constituting of about 33 sales employeesADIADI is a $1.8 billion leading distribution business encompassing security, fire, sound and low voltage products, with over 219 branchinges across North America, Europe, Mid-East Africa. ADI globally represents more than 700 leading vendors and is a global distributor for more than 80,000 products. ADI similarly partners with customers by providing business tools, products and services they need to enhance their capabilities and grow their business. (Honeywell, 2010)Beginning 2006, ADI launched its distribution business in Asia with first tercet branches in India at Gurgaon, Bangalore Mumbai. ADI also has a team of sales professionals in menstruum Delhi, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Jaipu r, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chennai, Cochin and Hyderabad. ADIs goal in India is to build a successful distribution model to satisfy the burgeoning need for quality and cost-effective security, fire, sound and other low-voltage electronic products in the rapidly growing Indian economy.ADI in India represents over 40 leading industry brands in 7 product categories over 2000products and offers its customers a one stop shop value proposition at convenient branch locations, with multiple brands, local stocking, competitive pricing, training technical support and customer business centre all under one roof. In India, ADI employs about 120 employees constituting of about 82 sales employees.Lines of BusinessCCTVFixed Cameras, Speed bean plant Cameras, Digital Video Recorders (DVR), Monitors, Lens, Accessories.Intrusion AlarmWired Wireless Control Panels, Keypads, PIR, Panic Switch, Magnetic Contacts, Gas-leak detectors, Sounders, Sensors, address Dialers, Accessories.Home AutomationVideo Door Phones, Multi-apartment solutions, Home Systems, Accessories.Access ControlSingle Multi-door Controllers, Readers, Cards, Locking devices, Accessories. put up AlarmConventional Addressable Control panels, Sensors Detectors, Call points, Notification Appliances, Initiation Devices, Accessories.SoundSpeakers, Amplifiers, Microphones, Intelligent PA Systems, Professional Audio, Accessories.Chapter 8 Problem StatementThe time taken for a sales employee currently to give out productive, that is, start contributing effectively to the business at HSG and ADI divisions is about 6 months to a year. This problem has been even more consistent in ADI since its entry into the Indian grocery store in 2006. This has a direct meet on productivity and revenue generation. Productivity is defined by an employees exercise of their tonality result areas (KRA) with a native focus on patsy revenue achievement. Retention of employees is another concern especially at ADI. The corrasion level is 1 3% at HSG and 31% at ADI year-to-date (YTD).This Management explore Report aims to find the key cases for attrition in the two divisions and the delays in productivity.Chapter 9 HypothesisAccording to a learning conducted by the Aberdeen Group, 90% cutting hires make their decision about whether to stay in the company inside 6 months of joining. Inspite of this only 88% of companies lose onboarding programs of duration less than 6 months (Refer to ). Another research reveals that over 50% of new hire sales people leave voluntarily or are over(p) before they even become productive.The above statistics indicate the correlation between a formalized onboarding program and the productivity of an employee thereby leading to the hypothesis that investing in a formalized onboarding program and other engagement initiatives improves productivity and retention of an employee and increases revenues. It is a cost that needs to be incurred by a company so that the employees become producti ve assets by generating steady revenue streams on a regular basis.Chapter 10 Approach and MethodologyApproachThis project is approached through a combination of primary and secondary researches. The primary research piece includes interviews with the business leaders, sales employees and human resource managers. The wrapped is to analyze the problem from the business, employees and the process owners perspective.The secondary research was conducted via published reports and white papers about onboarding best practices. Once the results of the research were tabulated, an onboarding modelling was designed base on the gaps identified between the current and desired resign. A cost-benefit analysis is also conducted to estimate the lastingness of the onboarding program.Lastly, through the use of Six Sigma tools, a Failure Modes and Effects Analyses (FMEA) study is undertaken for the proposed onboarding exemplar to identify, prioritize and mitigate latent risks associated with the program. At the end, some priority serve points are suggested for the implementation of the program.Research MethodologyTwo questionnaires were rolled out for the research based on the initial inputs from the Human Resources team, namely for the business leaders and the sales employees.The questionnaires were sent to heads of the two SBUs and based on their availability, they were interviewed. The questionnaire for the business heads was designed with the intent of identifying the core issues in processes which might impede employee productivity (for example, resurrectment policy, onboarding/training employees, performance evaluation or engagement) and to understand the desired state of a productive employee from the business leaders perspective.The second questionnaire was sent to a some of the sales employees at some(prenominal)(prenominal) of the SBUs. The sample employees selected for the interviews consisted of new sales employees who were about 6 months old in the organ ization. The others included some who urinate been with Honeywell for over a year. The intent of the interview was to identify the key challenges faced by the new employees in getting adequately oriented to the business.The secondary research was conducted with the intent of understanding onboarding best practices. Some of the published reports and white papers consulted were taken from Corporate Leadership Council (CLC), Aberdeen Group, Kaiser Associates, Bersin Associates and Gallup Consulting.Chapter 11 AnalysisEmployee Profile at ADI portend Employee break-up by function in ADI Figure gross sales v/s Non-sales employee mixAs displayed in Figure 14 and 15, the sales function forms a major(ip) portion of the employee population in Honeywell ADI. Understanding that ADI is in the distribution business and the presence of numerous players, both organized and unorganized, makes the market extremely competitive and explains the sales driven nature of the organization.Figure Total work experience of employees in ADI sales DivisionThe division employs more skilled employees than fresh graduates (Figure 16). The maximum sales employee work military group has a total work experience between 2-4 twenty-four hour periodsFigure wrench Experience in ADI Sales Division (in months)ADI has a fairly new workforce most employees guard spent only about 6 months in the organization (Figure 17). This signifies that there is a high swage in the ADI and people are being hired more frequently. Additionally, the loyalty of ADI employees seems to diminish over the years spent in the organization.Figure ADI Sales Employee manufacturing Experience ProfileMost sales employees have a background in security or IT. This implies that Honeywell aims to recruit as many people with a background in Security, although due to a wishing of procurable skilled talent, they prefer to recruit from the IT industry, followed by distribution (Figure 18). A need for technical knowledge i s the reason for IT and security taking precedence over distribution. Other industries include telecommunications, computer hardware, FMCG, chemicals, dish television providers etc.Employee Profile at HSGFigure Employee break-up by function in HSGFigure Employee break up Sales v/s Non Sales HSGAs displayed in Figure 19 and 20, just like the ADI division, the sales function too forms a major portion of the employee population in the HSG division as well.Figure Total work experience of employees in HSG Sales DivisionThe division employs more skilled employees than fresh graduates (Figure 21). The maximum sales employee work force has a total work experience between 2-4 years. However this variation is less in HSG as compared to ADI.Figure Work Experience in HSG Sales Division (in month)Figure Composition of employees by land tenure in organization Comparative view HSG vs. ADIWhile experienced in the industry, HSG has a workforce new to Honeywell most employees have spent only a bout six months in the organization (Figure 22). However a comparative look at the composition of employees by tenure in the organization (Figure 23), suggests that there are a greater number of employees hired at a faster rate in ADI than HSG. In ADI. 37% of the employee population has spent six or less than six months in the organization as compared to 27% in HSG. Also there are a greater number of older employees in HSG than ADI. This suggests that employee retention is better in HSG than in ADI for employees who spend more than 36 months in the organization.Figure Sales Employee Industry Profile HSGMost sales employees have a background in IT or Security. This implies that Honeywell aims to recruit as many people with a background in Security, although due to a lack of available skilled talent, they prefer to recruit from the IT industry, followed by System Integration. A need for technical knowledge is the reason for IT and Security taking precedence over System Integration. ( Figure 24)Interview ResultsInterviews with Business Leaders Challenges and Findings(Please refer to and for the expatiate of the interview)This section summarizes the key findings from the interviews conducted with the business leaders of the ADI (Harish Vellat) and HSG (Anil Mehra) Divisions respectively.ADI To enable the sales employee to have an intelligent intercourse with the customer. support both product and category wise targets To get a good knowledge about both Honeywell and competitor products Understand the customer and preempt his expectations. Clearly state objectives and desired outcomes of the onboarding program to the employeesHSG Low sentiency about the industry and hence lack of relevant talent. miss of a formalized onboarding/ training inventory Challenge to administer employees based in remote locations No formalized feedback process to gauge the effectiveness of the onboarding program To bring the employees on board at the earliestInterviews with virgin Sales Employees FindingsADI Most respondents have relevant work experience. A lot of them have worked in the profile of a System Integrator. introductory employers Godrej, Vodaphone, Voltas, Sony Ericsson. The aggressive fast paced nature of work is a challenge. The product portfolios that the employees were handling at Honeywell are oft larger as compared to their previous roles where it was much smaller. Employees sense a lack of in-depth knowledge about the products. Lack of pellucidity of role/ processes Control measures implemented in case of lack of lucidity Technical team, branch manager, colleagues. Most employees said that they prefer contacting their immediate colleagues first due to easy reach. Other employees supported the thinker of having a buddy/mentorship system in place since it would serve as a platform for potential employees to take on higher rolesHSG Induction winded up too fast. Too much training in very little time Lack of clear understanding of the busi ness models. People based in remote locations face a problem in reaching out to their RMs directly changing the mindset of people to open up to a niche product/market Lack of clarity on processes especially order and collection processes Products are priced at par/high priced compared to competitors and the challenges are in justifying the product to them.Ideal versus Current State of New employee productivity at HoneywellCurrent State time to Productivity Currently it takes about 6 months to a year for an employee to reach productivity Selling Skills Employees selling skills is currently based on their previous work experience. They lack selling skills specific to Honeywell and the distribution model. Industry/ company knowledge Employees come from similar industries and have a fair understanding of the industry. However they lack the understanding of the impact of their contribution to Honeywell objectives. Product Knowledge Employees do not tactile sensation confident abo ut their understanding of the products as they think the product trainings wind up too fast and the product portfolio is large. A few respondents also felt that Honeywell products are priced at par or higher than a few competitors and they find it challenging to justify the product to the customers. Learning intrinsic processes (order, booking, preparing bill of quantities etc.) Employees do not feel comfortable with the processes and utilize previous work experience to comply with processes Build relationships with various functions (commercial, marketing, technical, supply stove etc.) Lack of interaction with marketing team, inadequate technical support Engagement in day to day selling activities (prospecting/ face-off customer) Employees selling skills is currently based on their previous work experience. Lack of clarity on everyday process which increases follow ups with managers/colleagues.Ideal State Time to Productivity Desired state would be to reduce the time to prod uctivity to 3-4 months Selling skills Employees should be able to make an intelligent conversation with the customer. They should possess employee good prospecting skills and should continuously communicate with the customers by asking questions, listening to them and collecting the information and thereby draw an action plan to approach the same. Industry/ company knowledge Productive employees should possess a thorough knowledge of the various products offered not only by Honeywell but also the competitors. These employees should be able to connect individual objectives to Honeywell objectives. Product knowledge The employees should have a deep understanding of the products. They should be able to bring out the strengths of each product to the customer to justify the price and add value. Learning internal processes (order, booking, preparing bill of quantities etc.) A productive employee should adhere to all internal processes from the start to the closure of an account custom er evaluation, payment, order taking, billing Build relationships with various functions (commercial, marketing, technical, supply chain etc.) A productive employee needs to work in coherence with other functional teams to get better market information and tune the companys surroundings to market conditions (competitor moves, changing market trends, forecasting demand) Engagement in day to day selling activities (prospecting/ meeting customer) A productive employee consistently follows up with the customer, is extremely responsive to customer demands and prepares a plan of action from themselves.Summary of Ideal versus Current StateFigure Summary of Ideal versus Current StateThe current state of certain versus Target Sales achievement and Bonus Payouts is summarized below.Actual versus Target Sales and unwashed brim accomplishmentMarket ShareTotal Market Size ($)349,000,000Market Share ADI%5%ADI Annual Revenue ($)17,450,000Total market size ($) propagation market share of A DI (%)ADI Gross Margin ($)13%Actual Gross Margin for ADIEmployee Targets Total Sales Employees in ADI82 New employees (not rated)32Revenue Target per employee per day (Rs.)80,000Revenue Target per employee per day ($)1818(1 USD = Rs. 44) workings long time23152 weeks times 5 working geezerhood per week minus 21 paid days off + 8 national holidaysAnnual Revenue Target per employee ($)420,000Sales target per employee per day times of working daysAnnual Revenue Target for ADI (all employees)34,440,000Annual Sales target per employee times total sales employees in ADIRevenueGross MarginDescriptionTargetsWeights in Sales Incentive Program75%25%Target per employee per day ($)1818N/AGross delimitation for ADI is 20%Annual target per employee ($)420,000N/AAnnual target per employee times of working daysAnnual target for the ADI division34,440,00020%Annual target per employee times total sales employees in ADIActual versus Target MismatchActual as a % of Target51%65.00%Weighted (Actu al as % of Target)38%16%75%25% weight to Revenue Gross Margin in SIPFigure Target Sales AchievementFigure 29 shows the real versus target achievement by the sales employees at the ADI division. The total market size as mentioned before for the Electronic Security Market is USD 349 million. ADI accounts for about 5% of the total market share and its gross boundary line for FY2010 was recorded at 13%. There were 82 sales employees as of June 2010 of which 32 were new (less than 6 months old) and were not rated for performance. The Key Results Area (KRA) set for each sales employee includes cathexis of Rs.80,000 (USD 1818) per day and meet weekly targets. For details of the all the KRAs please refer to . Assuming an employee has 5 working days in a week and there are 52 weeks in a year of which there are 21 paid leaves and 8 national holidays, the total number of working days is 231. The annual revenue per target is thus USD 420,000. For a typical sales employee at ADI the sales f illip program is split between individual revenue target achievement and ADIs gross perimeter target achievement. The gross margin target for ADI was set at 20%. The Individual revenue and gross margin SIP components are split in the ratio of 7525. Knowing the divisions annual revenue achievement in FY2010 was USD 17.45 million and the target revenue is USD 34.44 million, we can infer that the actual revenue as a percentage of target revenue was only 51%. Additionally the actual versus target gross margin achievement is calculated as 65% (13%/20%). Assigning the respective weights based on the SIP, the actual as a percentage of target achievement is 38% and 16% for the revenue and gross margin components respectively.These figures clearly suggest that the division is way behind achievements of its targets. A closer look at Figure 30 also supports the possible reasons for this mismatch.Bonus PayoutsBonus Payout (Actual versus Target)Payout % of target payout PlannedPerformance at 7 5% of target50%Performance at 100% of target100%Performance at one hundred thirty% of target200%Actual bonus payoutWhat % of target was bonus paid out Actual100% Sales employees who exceeded target performance (bonus payout 100%)25Honeywell Performance Development (HPD) 9 block rating (1,2,4) New employees who were not rated32Potential population at risk25 total sales employees in ADI ( of new employees not rated + sales employees who were paid bonus)Potential attrition rate30%Current attrition rate31%YTDFigure Bonus PayoutsFigure 30 illustrates the actual bonuses that were paid out in FY2010 to the ADI sales employees. The sales incentive policy distinguishes the payout at different levels of performance as followsFigure Sales Incentive PolicyPerformance LevelsPerformance Target Achievement %Payout (% of target payout)Threshold75%50%Target100%100%Maximum130%200%Based on the limited selective information available, the number of employees who exceeded their performance and go t a bonus payout of greater than 100% was estimated based on the performance ratings. Honeywell follows a 9-block performance rating matrix called the Honeywell Performance Development (HPD). The matrix is based on two parameters results and behaviors with three rating scales namely Exceeds Honeywell Standards, At Honeywell Standards and Below Honeywell Standards. Additionally, the base salary to incentive is pay mix is in the ratio 6535. Refer to for the matrix. Based on the matrix, ratings 1, 2 and 4 signify exceeds standards ratings in one of the two parameters at least or both. There were 25 employees who received an HPD rating 1, 2 or 4, while the number of employees who were not rated since they were new is 32 in number. This means that the remaining 25 employees form part of the potential employees who are the risk of leaving the organization. This accounts for an attrition rate of around 30%. As per the data provided by the Human Resources team as well, the attrition rate w as indicated as 31% YTD.