Pepsi Co Strategic Management Essays

Pepsi Co Strategic Management Essays Pepsi Co Strategic Management Paper Pepsi Co Strategic Management Paper Foundation ?Established in 1965 PepsiCo made in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay ? In 1997, traded on an open market organization to concentrate PepsiCo on food and refreshments. ?The world’s biggest tidbit and drink organization in 2006 In 2006, PepsiCo has around $35billion net income ?The organization is broken into four business divisions: ?Frito-lay North America Frito-Lay North America makes, markets, sells and disperses salty and sweet bites. Items made and sold in North America incorporate Lay’s and Ruffles brand potato chips, Doritos and Tostitos brand tortilla chips, Cheetos brand cheddar enhanced bites, Fritos brand corn chips, an assortment of marked plunges and salsas and Rold Gold brand pretzels. Low-fat and no-fat renditions of a few brands are likewise produced and sold in North America. ?PepsiCo Beverages North America Pepsi-Cola North America produces concentrates of brand Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Mug, Slice, Fruitworks, Sierra Mist and different brands available to be purchased to diversified bottlers. PCNA likewise offers syrups to national wellspring accounts. PCNA advertises and advances its brands. PCNA additionally makes, showcases and disseminates prepared to-drink tea and espresso items through joint endeavors with Lipton and Starbucks and licenses the handling, conveyance and offer of Aquafina filtered water. What's more, PCNA produces and sells Dole juice drinks for appropriation and deal by Pepsi-Cola bottlers. ?PepsiCo International Pepsi-Cola International fabricates concentrates of brand Pepsi, 7UP, Mirinda, KAS, Mountain Dew and different brands globally available to be purchased to diversified bottlers and friends claimed bottlers. PCI works packaging plants and dissemination offices in different global markets for the creation, dispersion and offer of organization possessed and authorized brands. PCI advertises and advances its brands globally. Head global markets incorporate Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, India, Argentina, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Philippines and Brazil. ?Quaker Foods North America Frito-Lay International produces, markets, sells and conveys salty and sweet bites. Items incorporate Walkers brand nibble nourishments in the United Kingdom, Smith’s brand nibble food sources in Australia, Sabritas brand nibble nourishments and Alegro and Gamesa brand sweet snacks in Mexico. A considerable lot of our U. S. brands have been presented globally, for example, Lay’s and Ruffles brand potato chips, Doritos and Tostitos brand tortilla chips, Fritos brand corn chips and Cheetos brand cheddar seasoned tidbits. Head universal bite markets incorporate Mexico, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Spain, the Netherlands, Australia and South Africa. Worldwide Channel Value Chain PepsiCo’s supervisory group was chosen to catching key fit advantages inside the business line-up all through the worth chain. Essential exercises : Supply Chain the executives oCombined corporate-wide obtainment of item fixings upon the securing of Quacker Oats Producing/Manufacturing oShare advertised examination data to more readily empower every division to grow new items prone to be hits with shoppers, united its buying to decrease costs, and made comparable items in like manner offices at whatever point conceivable. oMaximize unutilized assets Packaging oCombined corporate-wide acquirement of bundling materials upon the obtaining of Quacker Oats Distribution and retailing oJoin conveyance of Quacker tidbits and Frito-Lay to decrease their circulation costs oPower of One retailer partnership procedure to build customers propensity to buy more than one item offered by PepsiCo during a store visit. Deals and promoting oConsolidated deals and advertising elements of comparab le items to wipe out duplication of exertion and to introduce one face to clients. Bolster Activities : Human asset the executives PepsiCo regards singular contrasts in culture, ethnicity and shading. PepsiCo is resolved to approach open door for all representatives and candidates. oCorporate program for preparing representatives how to function and oversee in a comprehensive domain Advertising oPepsi as of now had encounters in promoting their items globally. In the event that the other line business of PepsiCo needs to do publicizing in certain nations, they could learn and execute the promoting strategy that previously actualized by Pepsi and they likewise as of now have important data about the nation. Broadening Strategy Financial Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Broader yet engaged product offering and extraordinary brand notoriety Key techniques: items development, cozy associations with convey partners, universal extension, vital acquisitions Market pioneer for U. S. accommodation food (21%) and fluid rewards (26%) Capturing key fit advantages inside the business arrangement all through the worth chain Lack of capital limitations (High accessibility of FCF, anticipated as $15 billion between 2007-2009) Weaknesses Slow move into global filtered water showcase Unequally circulated universal deals of Quaker Oats Products (75% of worldwide deals was represented by only six nations) A huge reliance on one business division in creating benefits (Over 50 percent of the companys benefits originate from Frito-Lay North America) Opportunities Promising worldwide nourishments and refreshments markets o$70 billion market for noncarbonated drinks in global market oHigh per capita utilizatio n of snacks The expansion of wellbeing cognizant buyers Dangers FTC’s 10-year denial on packaged refreshments (Gatorade and PepsiCo soda items) contracts with retailers The development of Food and Beverages industry Conclusion ?Increase the utilization of eliteness understandings to support their deals in key markets. This may make it harder to minimize expenses however will guarantee included incomes. ?Keep on growing with their â€Å"Human Sustainability†. PepsiCo should turn out to be increasingly proactive in the wellbeing food/item commercial center as opposed to being responsive to the market patterns. They have to improve their responsiveness and future projections to advertise patterns and changes that can in this way insinuate distinctive item sections and target markets. The good dieting market is a segment that will keep on developing later on, and will give liberal benefits if Pepsi Co can get an enormous piece of the overall industry. ?Extend more into social advantages, particularly for those in creating countries. Pepsi’s principle contender Coca Cola has executed a water cleansing system for African Villages, which gives a significant need and simultaneously presenting their image name where it was before obscure. In the event that Pepsi followed this equivalent philosophy with food items and water cleansing it also would essentially expand brand acknowledgment ? Catch a greater amount of the maturing population’s piece of the overall industry. Pepsi is an organization centered around a more youthful market planning to rehash the overall accomplishment of Coca Cola concerning brand steadfastness with the ages brought into the world after 1980; in any case, there is as yet an enormous market with the Baby boomer segment that they could break into. PepsiCo ought to venture into business sectors and market portions that they are presently not in, for example, Asia, India, and South America, It will extend their piece of the pie at the worldwide level and to expand their general income. ?PepsiCo ought to improve their representative relations. It will make representatives everywhere throughout the world to advance the item both during their work day and in their own life so as to make †Å"word of mouth marketing†.

Topics For Personal Reflective Essay

Topics For Personal Reflective EssayWhen writing a personal reflective essay, you should think about the main topics for the piece. Do not be afraid to write about something you have not experienced yet. The topic you choose is also important because it will determine how long your essay will be and how much depth you can get into it.Usually, essay topics involve various aspects of your life. You must be able to write about anything and everything related to your life, or at least know that it can be related. For example, if you are going to write an essay about your first date, then the topic must include your first date with your partner.A personal reflective essay is the most important aspect of your entire academic career. It represents you as a person and gives readers an insight into what you really feel and think. What better way to communicate a message than through writing? Let's face it, there are so many opinions and ideas out there, that we often do not feel comfortable d iscussing them in public, which is why it is important to be honest.Since the topic of your personal reflective essay will decide how long it will be, you should think about the main topics that you want to cover. The main topics for personal reflective essays include but are not limited to, your interests, your education, your beliefs, your talents, your fears, and more.When you are writing a personal reflective essay, you will be forced to think and discuss every little detail. This means that you need to be prepared to get into details that you may not be comfortable with. For example, if you are writing an essay about your favorite television show, then the topic will be something you are familiar with and enjoy. However, if you are writing about a subject that you are not that familiar with, then it may be something that you need to do some research on. If you are not sure about the main topics for your personal reflective essay, then you may want to seek the help of someone wh o is experienced in this field. This person can make suggestions that you may have overlooked. For example, if you are writing an essay about your hobby, then the person will know if your hobbies are interesting enough to write about. They can also tell you about hobbies that are new and that are not so popular yet.Lastly, you should always know what the deadline for your personal reflective essay is before you even start. You do not want to be late with your assignment because of what could happen during the editing process.Finally, if you would like to write more than one essay, then the main topics should remain the same. You should focus on three main topics for your essays. By taking these three topics and writing about them, you will come up with three different essays that represent the things that you think, feel, and do in the world around you.

The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants

The Symbiotic Relationships between Microbial Organisms and Plants | With Concentrations in Rhizobium and A ; Mycorrhiza Introduction†There are many catching microbic creatures that spend a significant piece of their life cadence shacking in the soil profiles. These creatures incorporate roundworms, Protozoa, Fungis, bacteriums and various arthropods. Together they play basic capacities in act uponing soil highlights and keeping sound earth profiles. In our occasion, we will be mostly focusing on Fungis and bacteriums. Parasites and bacteriums are actually typically found inside the earth and they have enormous effect on soil birthrate and works developing. It is rather testing to examine their connections with workss and their single maps. The aim of this exploration paper is to infer a more profound appreciation of their astounding connection with workss ; and most altogether, to help through my extraordinary marvel of why such symbioses are so vital to the prosperity of our varying biological systems and in any event, for us universes? Plant Foods†The three essential nourishments workss dependent, as it were, on are nitrogen, P, and K. Since we will be broadly examining the elements of bacteriums and Fungis, in this manner we are increasingly worried about N and P. Not terrible, but not great either, for what reason do workss require those nourishments? Nitrogen is one of the imperative compound components workss required for developing and generation. It is a constituent of chlorophyll and in this way basic for photosynthesis. It is other than a significant constituent of amino acids, the building obstructs for proteins ; and without proteins, workss would wilt and expire ( U.S. Branch of Agriculture, 2015 ) . In add-on, a portion of the proteins go about as auxiliary units in works cells while others go about as compounds, doing conceivable huge numbers of the biochemical responses on which life is based. Nitrogen is other than a constituent of vitality move mixes, for example, adenosine triphosphate, known as ATP. ATP awards cells the capacity to moderate and use vitality discharged in transformation. Nitrogen is other than a significant constituent of nucleic acids, for example, Deoxyribonucleic Acid, known as Deoxyribonucleic corrosive, the familial stuff that permits cells to turn and replicate. Phosphorous is another basic nourishment both as bit of a few cardinal works development mixes and as a contact activity in the progress of army cardinal biochemical responses in workss. Phosphorous is quite liable for its capacity in catching and change overing sun’s vitality into utile works mixes. Like N, P is a basic constituent of DNA. It is a constituent of RNA, the aggravate that peruses the DNA familial codification to build proteins and different mixes crucial for works development, seed yield and familial transportation. The development of both DNA and RNA are connected together by P bonds. Another comparable assets that phosphorus divides with Nitrogen is that it is other than basic constituent of ATP. ATP signifiers during photosynthesis, and utilizations P inside its development, and it forms from the earliest starting point of seedling becoming through to the arrangement of grain and adulthood ( U.S Department of Agriculture, 2015 ) . Subsequently, both N and phosphoric are crucial components required for the general health and vitality of all workss, they help to build waste and root quality, better bloom arrangement and seed creation and backing plants’ advancement all through their full life musicality. Without neither N nor phosphoric, there would be no life on Earth as we probably am aware it. Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Analysis â€Rhizobium As referenced above, N is a crucial nourishment for workss as it is bit of their nucleic acids and proteins. Nitrogen can be in numerous signifiers, for example, Nitrogen Gas, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium and Nitrous Oxide. Dinitrogen or N gas is extremely inexhaustible and makes up 78 for every centum of our mood. Shockingly, workss can't use them straight since they come up short on the vital chemicals to change over the gas into organically utile signifiers. The activity here is that N gas is non extremely responsive ; it will scarcely cooperate with different synthetic substances to make new mixes ( Brady and A ; Weil, 2010 ) . Be that as it may, there is a way to fix the unserviceable signifier through either substance or organic methods ; and the fix methodology itself is called nitrogen captured advancement. The nitrogen captured advancement methodology will hinder down the ternary security that held the N iotas together and free them up for transmutation. The particles can so be coordinated with different components to sort out ammonium hydroxide, ammonium or N dioxides. Presently we present the build of natural N captured improvement. It was chief found by German agronomist Hermann Hellriegel and Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck. Organic N captured advancement is the strategy of change of air N into ammonium hydroxide by creatures through a protein called nitrogenase ( Peters, Fisher and A ; Dean 1995 ) . Inside the nitrogenase, there are two significant protein composites that are answerable for the abatement of N gas, viz. Fe-protein and A ; MoFe-protein. The reductive response can be communicated by the equationN2 + 8H+ +8e-+ 16 ATPi?2NH3 + H2 + 16ADP + 16Pi. Think about the Fe-protein composite as a force house and the MoFe-protein composite as a plant. A plant expects vitality to deliver stocks, and that is the point at which the force house stairss in to run into the interest. Fe-protein ( the force house ) gets races ( vitality ) from a flavedoxin ( a negatron reassigning protein, in this occurrence, consider it an air current turbine ) and moves them further to the MoFe-protein ( the plant ) . The negatron moving is made conceivable by the incidental hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and A ; Pi, where more vitality is created to back up the travel of negatrons. MoFe-protein so takes the negatrons, environmental N gas, and H changes over them into ammonium hydroxide alongside a remainder H atom. It is of import to see that catalysts inside nitrogenase can be devastated by free O atoms. Accordingly, life forms that fix N must ensure the catalysts do non obtain presented to oxygen ( Brady and A ; Weil 2010 ) . The being that fix N are a kind of soil bacteriums and they are mutually called Rhizobium. So as to ensure nitrogenase, they structure this complex advantageous relationship with leguminous workss, for example, soya beans. They start by tainting the plants’ root hairs and the cortical cells ; it drives the arrangement of root knobs that fill in as the sheltered desert spring for nitrogen captured advancement ( Long, 2004 ) . The strategy where the knobs signifier is truly retaining. The plants’ root hairs discharge certain compound signs to pull rhizobia bacteriums that are available in the earth. Rhizobia enter the attach and get down to multiply and do a contamination yarn to sort out. The disease yarn will so transform into the cerebral mantle of the roo t. At the point when the contamination yarn has ventured far bounty into the plants’ root, it will relinquish bacterial cells, which become bacteroids in root cells. Gesture factors from the bacteriums will do cortical cells to part and take to the inevitable arrangement of knobs. It is inquisitively fascinating that the plants’ resistant framework is processing the disease ; on the other hand of murdering the bacteroids, they keep them inside their phones. At the point when Rhizobium are inside the knobs, they do non hold to cover with free O particles and now can securely use nitrogenase to chop down air N to ammonium hydroxide. Through this harmonious relationship, the host workss gain profits by using an interminable start of N from the mood that are presently in an increasingly organic useable signifier. Consequently, rhizobia get saccharides produced through photosynthesis for vitality ( since it takes vitality to execute the change ) , each piece great as a secured cover in which for them to populate and turn ( Brady and A ; Weil, 2010 ) . Plants are presently ready to utilize the ammonium hydroxide resulting from bacterial N captured improvement for developing. The compound is shipped into works tissues and is so joined into aminic acids, which are so made into works proteins. For cases, soya beans and peanuts created by leguminous plant workss contain remarkable high degrees of protein and are among the a large portion of import horticultural beginnings of protein known to mankind. The inquisitive mutualism between vegetable workss and Rhizobium delineate the way they help to delay each other’s lives. Subsequently, it is other than helping us universes to drag out our lives. Truth be told, our prosperity is, as it were, needy upon this significant but then minimal effort start of protein. We devour them as segment of our essential eating routine and we use them as vitalize being provenders. Ranchers, they exploit this mutualism and use it to treat their reap land through collect rotating movement †for case, they use soya beans and different leguminous plant workss in turning movements with grass gathers, for example, maize or wheat to straight shoot organic useable N back to the earth ( U.S. Branch of Agriculture’s, 2015 ) . Nitrogen captured improvement method other than simultaneously adds to filthy birthrate on the grounds that the works roots deserts a portion of the naturally accessible N. Rhizobium is a characteristic and earth well dis posed way to prepare workss as restrict to compound preparation that utilization a non-inexhaustible assets, for example, flammable gas. Taken together, who might hold ever imagined that such tricky connection among workss and bacteriums can hold such a colossal result on all the species’ perseverance. Nutritious Delivering Fungi Analysis †Mycorrhiza As aforesaid expressed, phosphoric is one the most irreplaceable nourishments for some life creatures, especially for workss. Plants must utili

Identifying a De Facto Director - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2551 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Company Law à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The decision of the Supreme Court in The Commissioners for HM Revenue and Customs v Holland (2010) and the case-law subsequently, has brought much needed clarity to the questions of how to identify whether someone is a de facto director, and why it is necessary for the law to be able to identify a person as a de facto director.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ A de facto director is a person who has not been formally and validly appointed and registered at the Companies House as a full de jure director but they will be treated as one by the courts if a dispute would be to arise since the have assumed the status and functions of a company director.[1] They will be subject to the same duties that a de jure director would be therefore it is necessary to establish when a person is acting as one so they can be held accountable should any liabilities arise out of a breach of an obligation. This essay will consider whether the recent Supreme Court decis ion in the Commissioners for HM Revenue and Customs[2] (Holland) provided any clarity regarding de facto directorship, if and how the principles were applied in subsequent cases and why is it important to identify a de facto director. This case provided the court with an opportunity to consider issues surrounding the concept of de facto directorships. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Identifying a De Facto Director" essay for you Create order The main concern of the case what relatively narrow; whether a director of a corporate director should be considered to be a de facto director of the subsequent company. In this case, Mr Holland created a scheme to provide administration and tax services to contractors who did not wish to set up and run their own companies. They became employees with non-voting rights in exchange for a salary and dividends. This scheme had a complex structure; Holland and his wife owned all of the shares in PS LTD which owned all of the share capital in P(DS) and P(SS) who were respectively the corporate director and secretary of 42 composite companies. Hollands intention was for the companies to pay a lower tax rate, however, the scheme failed and the companies went insolvent. When calculating the distributable profit, the higher tax rate was not accounted for so the dividends that were paid out were unlawful. The HMRC brought a claim against Holland under s212 Insolvency Act[3] on the basis he had been acting as a de facto director of each company thus breached his fiduciary duties by paying out dividends. The HMRC appealed to the Supreme Court where a bare majority of 3;2 dismissed it; they held that Holland was not acting as a de facto director for the subsequent companies. However, the judges all applied different means of reasoning in reaching this decision. Several different approaches to one case suggests that there was a high degree of ambiguity in the law and there was a lack of existing guiding principles. One reason could be that there is a lack of statutory definition and guidance existing so it can be hard to identify them. It is believed they fall into the circular, incomprehensible definition of director which is included in the Company Act 2006[4]; any person occupying the position of a director by whatever name called. This is tautological and unhelpful[5] in identifying a de facto director therefore it has essentially been left up to judges to aid our unde rstanding of the factors, such as nature and extent of control, which constitute a de facto directorship. However, court guidelines have not always been of a uniform nature. In reaching the decision in Holland[6], many earlier cases regarding de facto directors were considered. However, Lord Hope recognised that there were limits to their application; it is plain from the authorities that the circumstances vary widely from case to case[7]. He endorsed the consensus that no single test could be created as the result is based so heavily on the facts of the case. This clarifies that judges such as Jacob J in Tjolle[8] were accurate in saying how it may be difficult to postulate any one decisive test the court takes into account all the relevant factors. Holland[9] held that declaring someone a de facto director is very much a question of fact and degree therefore there cannot be set criteria which needs to be satisfied. However, one factor that has a high degree of significant attac hed is whether there was an assumption of responsibility to act as a director of the subject companies. However, as Lord Walker highlighted[10] a person does not need to be formally appointed as a director to be construed as such it is more important to focus on what they id rather than what their title was. The majority did not believe that Holland[11] had assumed responsibility of that a de facto director would have held however, they failed to provide sufficient details on what would have been sufficient to constitute it. This means that Holland[12] did not completely solve the issue of uncertainty in the concept as consistent guidance is still lacking. Collins provided some help by summarising three factors that would be relevant in deciding whether someone would be held to be acting as a de facto director. They include whether they were a sole director or acting on equal footing with somebody that had been appointed as a true director,[13] whether there was a holding out by the company[14] and whether the individual was part of the corporate governance system.[15] However, Sealy[16] has noted the confusion and uncertainty that arose from the judgements; particularly what is regarded as the obiter dicta. This is due to the ill-defined criteria that the judges included- they included relevant factors but failed to give a reasonable explanation of what they mean therefore there is still a significant lack of clarity regarding how it could be applied. This means that it is still largely unclear what constitutes the assumption of responsibility test. As a result, Holland[17] has clarified that there cannot be a single test but has failed to be as specific regarding anything else. This could be because it is not actually possible to create a comprehensive list of all the relevant factors judges could consider since the decisions of the case are so fact dependant that all the possible circumstances could not be covered and the test provide specific enough gui dance. This leaves it open and gives judges the flexibility to ensure all the facts of the case are considered when making their decision. Another main focus in the judgements was on the principle of separate legal entities. This is a well established principle that a company is its own legal person, separate and distinct from that of its directors and shareholders. When considering this principle, they placed much of their focus on the case of Re Hydrodam[18] and Lord Hope[19] upheld elements Millet Js judgement, particularly the requirement of something more: Attendance of board meetings and voting, with others, may in certain limited circumstances expose a director to personal liability to the company of which he is a director or its creditors. But it does not, without more, constitute him a director of any company of which his company is a director. [20] This means that simply being involved in the companys decision making process as a director of a corporate director will not be enough to be regarded as a de facto director, something more is required. The guiding principle is that as long as he had performed relevant acts entirely within the ambit of the discharge of his duties and responsibilities as director of the corporate director, it was to that capacity that his acts had to be attributed.[21] There was little elaboration regarding what duties and responsibilities are considered to be a directors therefore there is the problem that it is vague. Additionally, the principle of separate legal entity goes against the principle that an individual should be held accountable for their control over the affairs of the company even though they were never formally appointed.[22] This means that the courts appear to be encouraging the use of corporate directorships to be done in a way which involves people developing complex structures in order to be shielded from being considered a de facto director. The minority disagreed with the majority regarding this issue. They believed that the case was not compatible since the facts were significantly different and the decisions are based so heavily on the facts in cases such as these. They argued that Holland had satisfied the something more requirement since he was the sole guiding mind of Paycheck and had complete control over the companies decisions and the power to pay out the dividends without having to consult anybody else. As a result the decision of the case is not logical; a sole director of a corporate director would be a de facto director in most circumstances since he is expected to be making all of the companies important decisions. Despite the decision not making sense logically, it helped to highlight the courts thought process and provide some direction. By following the case of Hydrodam it rejected the idea in Secretary State v Hall[23] which is wrong in principle since it held that a person was a de facto director of the company for acting as a director of the subje ct company. It is now clear that this alone is not enough to be considered a de facto director. The principles that were applied in Holland are being applied to more recent cases of similar issuing suggesting that it is clear enough to follow. In the case of Smithton v Naggar[24] the Court of Appeal cited Lord Collins inHolland statingthere is no one definitive test for identifying whether somebody is ade factodirector. Instead, it must be asked whether that person was part of the corporate governance system of the company and whether he assumed the status and function of a director so as to make himself responsible as if he were a director. It also used some of the relevant criteria that Collins had included for example if there is an overlap between shadow and de facto directors, whether the person assumed responsibility to act as a director and if he was held out as such. The Court of Appeal said that, ordinarily, it will be important for the court to determine a companyà ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s corporate governance system to decide whether an individual has assumed the responsibility of a director. This supports the idea that Holland has clarified the law as there is suddenly some consistency arising between cases and being able to hold a de facto director accountable for their actions. Moreover the case of Elsworth Ethanol v Hartely[25] looked at the concept of de facto directorships. The test for de facto directors needed to take all the relevant factors into account and highlighted some of the significant ones similar to Holland, for example equal footing, holding out and part of the corporate governing structure. These cases show that the courts are now considering the same questions when looking at the cases yet still applying it to the facts. As identified above, a de factor director owes the same duties and obligations to the company as a formally appointed de jure director. This means that any statutory duties and prohibitions that apply to a de jure director will be imposed on him if he is found to be undertaking the role of a de facto director in the courts. This means that it is necessary to be able to identify them so that they can be held responsible for their actions. If they cannot be identified then they cannot be held responsible and will appear that the courts are permitting the defence that they were never appointed therefore they cannot be held accountable for their actions. This would allow directors to control the company without having any concern for the consequences that would be attached to their actions if they were a de jure director. However, it could be argued that the case of Holland[26] has not provided any help in being able to identify a de facto director instead it has produced an outcome that allows people to hide behind the structure of a corporate directorship in order to avoid being held liable for acting as a director. In conclusion, the law regarding de facto directors has been complicat ed by the range of different court decisions. It could be argued that Holland[27] has brought some clarity to this aspect of the law by recognising that there is not one test that can be applied to all cases since the decision incorporates the fact so much. It also provides further guidance by stating some concepts that could be considered. However, since these have been criticised for being vague and ill-defined it could be argued that there is still much room for improvement in this area of law for example to clarify what some of the regularly used terms such as corporate governance structure is. Further developments may start to happen as subsequent cases have begun to apply the principles that Holland[28]created meaning that it will get clearer rather than simply expanded since that would now be considered a matter for legislatures. [1] Re Kaytech International PLC[1998] B.C.C 390 [2] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [3] Insolvency Act 1986 s 212 [4] Companies Act 2006 s 250 [5] Ji Lian Yap, De facto directors and corporate directorships [2012] J.B.L 579, 586 [6] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [7] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [8] Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Tjolle[1998] B.C.C 282 (C.D) [9] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [10] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [11] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [12] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [13] Re Richborough Furniture, LTD Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Stokes Or s [1996] B.C.C. 155 [14] Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Tjolle [1998] 1 BCLC 333 [15] Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Tjolle [1998] 1 BCLC 333, at pp 343à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"344, approved in Re Kaytech International plc [1999] 2 BCLC 351 , 423 [16] Len Sealy Case comment: paycheck services 3 LT the Supreme Court reviews the Concept of the de facto Director (2001_ 287 Company Law newsletter 1 [17] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [18] Re Hydrodam (Corby) Ltd (In Liquidation)[1993] B.C.C 161 (CD) [19] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [20] Re Hydrodam (Corby) Ltd (In Liquidation)[1993] B.C.C 161 (CD) [21] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [22] Ji Lian Yap, De facto directors and corporate directorships [2012] J.B.L 579, 579 [23] Secretary of State for Trade and Industry v Hall [2006] B.C.C 190 [24] Smithton Ltd v Naggar and others[2014] EWCA Civ 939. [25] Elsworth Ethanol Company Ltd and another v Ensus Ltd and others [2014] EWHC99 (IPEC)3 February 2014. [26] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [27] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C) [28] Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Holland and another[2010] 1 W.L.R 2793 (S.C)

The Effects of Peer Pressure and Study Habits - 2126 Words

THE EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE TO THE STUDY HABITS OF SECOND YEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF ROGATIONIST COLLEGE SCHOOL YEAR 2012-2013 Submitted to: Mrs. Renita B. Marasigan Mr. Louie Sonny D. Rivera Mrs. Eloisa L. Leondis In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Basic Research, Mathematics IV and Christian Living Education IV Eldrick Justin B. Ambagan Nikki Jamille T. Baco Patrick Joshua A. Llorin Ma. Kia Concepcion V. Vedan IV – Saint Ignatius de Loyola CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A. Introduction Peer pressure is the influence of a peer group to an individual, causing them to change their attitudes, values and behaviour. It refers to any individual who is being persuaded in doing†¦show more content†¦Peer pressure may convince adolescents to engage in pre social behavior such as doing community service or exercising. Peer pressure may also work to prevent behaviors usually connected with succumbing to peer pressure; for example, peer pressure may encourage an adolescent not to drink or smoke because his or her friends disapprove. However, peer pressure’s impact is usually negative. For the researchers, peer pressure really does affect the study habits of a student for the reason that they spend the whole day together with their friends and sometimes they disregard their studies because of them. There are two kinds of friends, there are good ones and there nice ones. The good ones are the ones that will lead you to the correct path, meaning they will influence you to do proper things especially in your study habits. The nice friends are the kinds of friends that are nice but a bad influence. They will tolerate all your actions and decisions which makes them â€Å"nice† to you. Paradigm of the study PEER PRESSURE STUDY HABITS Figure 1. The effects of peer pressure to the study habits of second year students of Rogationist College High School Department School Year 2012- 2013. Figure 1 shows the variables of the study. The peer pressure served as the independent variable of the study, while the effect to the study habits of second year students is the dependent variable. The paradigmShow MoreRelatedTeenage Addiction to Smoking1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. Teenage smoking is an epidemic that has derives from several causes. Smoking in young teens has become more common this day in age. Smoking in young teens is most commonly brought about by peer pressure. According to an article Teenage Smoking, â€Å"At no other time in life is peer pressure stronger than during the teenage years. Teens want to fit in and want to be cool, even at the expense of their health. 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Gun Control Persuasive Essay - 1539 Words

Tighter Gun Control Once again the topic of gun control has risen due to the most recent mass shooting in Las Vegas, which was the deadliest mass shooting in modern US history. This shooting resulted in the loss of 58 innocent lives and the harm to more than 500 others. As we can see, these events are happening far too often and we must make a change soon. While this Letter to the Editor gives me a place to express my concern on this issue, I will also use Facebook and Twitter to reach as many viewers as possible. I believe that Twitter will be more effective in having my voice be heard because of the ability to use hashtags and the millions of active users they have. The New York Times 620 8th Avenue New York, NY, 10018 Dear Editor: I am†¦show more content†¦There is never a logical time for someone to use it so what is the need for it. Hunters don’t go out into the woods with machine guns to hunt their prey. If they did they would have far too many bullets in the animal to have to remove. Having these military style weapons on the market is just asking for tragedy. One of the military surgeons that helped treat victims of the Las Vegas shooting claims â€Å"These were definitely injuries you would see in a war zone† (Craig 1). This is the result of selling these military-style weapons. A war on our homeland against our very own people. We need more people to start speaking out on this issue because the more people that speak out the more our voice will be heard. I understand that it’s our second amendment right to bear arms but at the same time I believe that everyone’s right to life is more important than someone’s right to bear arms. You can’t argue that. It’s not that we are trying to get rid of all guns but we want to make it harder for people who shouldn’t have them, to obtain them because the less guns there are the less shootings there will be. With enough people on our side I believe we can fix this problem and make our country a safer place for everyone. Sincerely, Connor Rogers My Letter to the Editor states that the accessibility to guns, especially military-style weapons is very concerning, not to mention the fact that youShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Gun Control798 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay Did you know that in the United States almost 100,000 people are shot or killed with a gun in one year? 10,527 people die a year in handgun related incidents in the United States. This number, by far, outweighs the number of gun related deaths in countries such as Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan, which number 13, 22, and 87, respectively. What is the reason for such drastic differences in numbers? 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These strategies are nicely set into two main schemas; the first method is to exaggerate an aspect of something, known as â€Å"intensify.† While the second is to discredit it, which is referred to as â€Å"downplay.† Al Franken, Jeffrey SnyderRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1018 Words   |  5 PagesImagine, an America where no citizen, law abiding or not, has the legal ability to own guns. Three gunmen with fully automatic rifles walk into a crowded city and begin firing. No law abiding citizen can defend themselves. It’s hopeless. This future can only be prevented if Americans continue to keep the second amendment. We should keep the current gun control laws, but revise them to make them even better. Most gun own ers are responsible under the current laws, however, I think some laws need to beRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand time again. 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Essay about New Imperialism and Western expansion in Asia and Africa

Question: Explain the causes of the New Imperialism and Western expansion in Asia and Africa in early 1900. Answer: New Imperialism Imperialist and colonialist polices have come into subsistence prior to contemporary capitalism. Imperialism occurs when strong nation want to take over weaker nation for dominating over their cultural, economical and political life. After the industrial revolution, it has become a frequent practice of European countries for seeking new sources of raw material and market for selling the manufactured products (Berna 70). When look at the 19the century, there was a huge conflict among the countries of Europe for overseas territories. The causes of new imperialism are explained in this study. Imperialism was related to Darwinism and racism. This theory explains how new species are created and how existing one become extinct. This theory was used to justify the European imperialism and colonialism. It was the belief of European countries that superior races should dominate inferior races by military forces for showing their power and influence over them (Potter 34). They also believed that they are strongest race in the world and world convey civilization in the world. Thus, the used to take the way of new imperialism for making their power over another country and make inferior countries more civilized. Another reason for imperialism is Economic Reason. There was huge demand of natural resources in western countries in terms of tin, oil and rubber. Instead of doing trading with the countries having natural resources, the western countries had chosen to get a direct control over these countries. Furthermore, economic expansion needed control over the new market for buying and selling product and cheap labor for increasing the production and capital surplus (Pokalova 336). Therefore, the superior countries chose the way of new imperialism for getting control over the countries having full of natural resources. One of another important cause of new imperialism is cultural and religious motives of superior countries. It was the belief of European countries that they have some moral responsibilities over non-Europeans. They thought that they would convey civilization in non-civilized countries. They also thought that they were more humanitarian and would bring humanism to all unenlightened countries (Pradella 119). Europeans had taken new imperialism policies in which catholic missionaries took the duty to convert the non-Christian people of inferior countries to Christian religion. Western expansion in Asia and Africa in early 1900 In mid-to-late 19th century, before industrial revolution, there was huge demand of oriental goods for expanding the industries in overseas territories. This demand was the driving force of European countries to adopt imperialism action over Asian Countries. This was the main reason for which British East India Company ruled over India. It has been found that between 1870s and early 1990s during the time of World War 1, United Kingdom, Netherlands and France and established their colonial power over Asia (Potter 34). They had added to their empires vast expanses of territory in Indian Subcontinent, Middle East and South East Asia. In the same period such as in early 1900s, Japan Empire, German Empire and United States emerged their new imperial power over East Asia and Pacific Ocean Area. During the latter half of 19th century, Europeans began to explore in the interiors of Africa for getting the natural resources existing this nation (Berna 70). By the year 1914, entire continent ha d been colonized one after one by the competing European countries. Reference List Berna, Ioana-Bianca. "The Discourse of New Imperialism in Southeast Asia."Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice5.1 (2013): 70. Pokalova, Elena. "Putin's Wars: The Rise of Russia's New Imperialism."Small Wars Insurgencies26.2 (2015): 335-337. Potter, Simon J. "Jingoism, Public Opinion, And The New Imperialism: Newspapers and Imperial Rivalries at the fin de sicle."Media History20.1 (2014): 34-50. Pradella, Lucia. "Imperialism and capitalist development in Marxs Capital."Historical Materialism21.2 (2013): 117-147.